S 28 H E S P 
of June, between Salerno and Naples. This .has been 
known to our gardens much longer than,tiie other, for 
Gerarde, in 1597, fpeaks of it as being then fown in 
gardens for the beauty of the flowers. And Johhfon 
adds, 1633, that, by the induftry of fome of our fldrifts, 
within thefe two or three years hath been brought unto" 
our knowledge' a very beautiful kind of thefe dame’s 
violets, having very fair double white flowers. The 
names in Gerarde are damo.Jk viqlets, ■ winter gillojlourcs, 
rogue's gillqfloure , and cloferfciences . Parkinfon adds queen's 
gillqflowers. 
@. H. Sibirica, or Siberian rocket, is fo much the 
fame in all its parts with the common garden-rocket, 
that it may fairly be looked upon as a variety. It dif¬ 
fers however in having a ftalk of twice the height; the 
corolla is purple, hot white, and the claws of the petals 
are twice as long as the, calyx; the border is blunt, and 
fcarcely,.if at all, emarginate ; it has however the fame 
little prominent point which that lias. The leaves are 
longer, narrower, and more ferrate. But Siberia pro¬ 
duces many plant's which are larger than the fame 
fpecies in Europe. Mr. Miller fays, it has a ftrong 
branching ftalk between two and’three feet high, and 
very hairy: oblong heart-lhaped leaves, ending in acute 
points, fitting clofe to the ftalk, four inches long; and 
an inch and adialfbroadat their bafe ; the upper part of 
the ftalk divides into two or three branches, with(mail 
leaves of the fame fttape with the others, and terminated 
by loofe'panicles ,of large, Angle, purple flowers, very 
fragrant. It flowered at the end of June 1757. 
3. Hefperis inodora, o'r fcentlefs rocket : Item Ample, 
upright, leaves fubhaftate, toothed, blunt. Refeinbles 
the foregding fpecies fo much, as fcarcely to be diftin- 
-guiftied except by a Ikilful botanift. The leayes how¬ 
ever are almoft haftate, with the bafe tranfverfe ; they 
are finely toothed, efpecially at the bafe, fofter, and 
not fo fcabrous. The calyx is not coloured. The 
petals are blunt, without any point. The ftamens are 
not prominent beyond the tube of the flower. It riles 
with an upright ftalk near,two feet high. Leaves dark 
green, feflile. The flowers grow in loofe (pikes on the 
top of the (talks; in fome they are white, in others 
purple, and fometim.es both colours ftriped in the fame 
flower. From this fort, the double white and purple 
rockets have been, accidentally obtained, which are 
much efteemed for the beauty of their flowers; and, if 
they had the agreeable odour of the garden rocket, they 
would be fome of the bed furniture for the borders of 
the flower-garden, but they are without feent; how¬ 
ever, for the beauty of their flowers, they are by fome 
greatly efteemed. 
4. Hefperis Africana, or African rocket: ftem very 
much branched .and diffufed, leaves lanceolate, petioled, 
fliarply toothed, fcabrous, filiques feflile. The ftem, 
leaves, and pods, of this plant, are ro.ugli with three- 
barbed hairs. The flowers are flefh-coloured, with 
narrow, fublanceolate, bluntifli, petals. The pods are 
feflile, ftiff, round, fomewhat flatted, blunt with a (harp 
point. It is an annual plant, with a very branching 
ftalk, about nine inches high, terminated by loofe pani¬ 
cles of fmall purple .flowers, which appear in June and 
July, and are fucceeded by long pods fitting clofe to the 
ftalks, and filled with fmall feeds, which ripen in Sep¬ 
tember. 11 is a native of Africa. 
5. Hefperis verna, or early flowering rocket: ftem 
upright, branched, leaves ebrdate, ftem-clafping, fer¬ 
rate," villofe. This alfo is an annual plant, fending out 
feveral heart-ftiaped leaves from the root, which fpread 
on the ground. The ftalk rifes nine inches high, branch¬ 
ing towards the top, with leaves of the fame lhape, but 
embracing. The flowers are produced in loofe panicles 
at the ends of the branches, they are of a lively purple . 
colour, and thofe plants which rife in the autumn' 
flower early in the fpring.. It is a native of the foiith 
of France;' and was cultivated in 1739 by Mr. Miller. 
ERIS. 
6. Hefperis lacera, or torn rocket : leaves runcinate, 
filiques tricufipidate. Leaves naked, narrow. Flowers 
-of a dull colour and unpleafant fmell. It i£ a low 
annual plant, with pointed leaves, having the borders 
indented as if torn. The corolla is purple. It is a 
native of Portugal, and the fouth of France; and oc¬ 
curs twice, under this name, and that of Cheiranthus 
lacerus. 
7. Hefperis laciniata, or jagged rocket: ftem branch¬ 
ed, leaves unequally jagged, corolla fulphur-coloured.' 
Root biennial ; the whole plant villofe with (liort hairs. 
Native of Piedmont, about Briga and Sofpello, on rocks 
expofe'd.to the fun! 
Propagation and. Culture. The firft fpecies is propagated 
by feeds in the fame manner with garden-rocket. " It is 
not quite fo hardy, and very fubjedt to rot in winter, 
efpecially in a moift: foil, or fa ricJi land; it fliould be 
planted therefore in a dry poor foil and a warm fttuatlon. 
If fome plants be fet in pots, and placed under a com¬ 
mon frame in winter, it will be a fure way to preferve 
them. The fecond being biennial, young plants (hotild 
be raifed every\year to fupply the place of thole which 
decay : if the feeds are permitted to fcatter, the plants 
will come up without trouble in the fpring ; and, if the 
feeds 'are fown, the beft feafon for it is in the autumn; 
becaufe tttofe which are fown in the fpring often fail if 
the feafon proves dry, or will remain a long time in the 
ground before they vegetate. This plant ftiould have a 
loamy undunged foil, in which it will thrive better than 
in rich land. There, is a variety of this with double 
flowers, in fome of th6 gardens in France; but that 
which we have in England is a variety of the third fort 
with fcentlefs flowers. 
The third fort, being naturally biennial, the plants 
with Angle flowers rarely furvive the fecond ye'ar; nor 
will thofe with double flowers continue much longer; 
fo that, unlefs young plants are annually raifed to fup¬ 
ply the place of the old ones, there will foon be a want 
oT them, which is what few perfons are careful enough to 
obferve ; but, .thinking the roots to be perennial, truft 
to their putting out otfsets, or the plants remaining after 
they have flowered ; and-, finding them decay, are apt to 
think their foil improper for them, and are at a lofs to 
account for their decaying; whereas, when the plants 
have flowered, they have finiflied their period, and fel- 
doin continue to flower a fecond time from *the fame 
root; though, in poor land, they will often put out a 
few weak otfsets, which may flower again, but feldom 
fo ftrong as the principal root; therefore thofe who are 
deftrous to propagate thefe plants, fhould do it in the 
following manner: There fliould be fome ftrong roots 
of each fort kept apart for this purpofe, which are not 
intended to flower; when thefe have (hot up their flow- 
er-ftalks about fix inches high, they fliould be cut clofe 
to the bottom; each of. thefe may be divided in the 
middle to.make two cuttings, which fliould be planted 
in a foft' gentle, loamy, foil, to an eaft expofure, where 
they may have only the morning fun; and thefe may be 
planted pretty near together, lo as to be covered with 
hand or bell glades, which ftiould be put over them af¬ 
ter the cuttings have been well watered, and clofely ftiut 
down, drawing the earth round .the rim of the glaftes 
to exclude the air; then the glalfes fhould be (haded 
with mats every day when the fun is hot; and if the 
cuttings are gently refreftied with water once in (even 
or eignt days it.will be ftifticient, for too much moifture 
will caufe them to rot: whenthefe are watered, the 
glalfes ftiould be clofely (hut down again as before ; 
with this management the cuttings will put out roots in 
'five or fix weeks,'midwill begin to-Ihoot above; then 
the glalfes fliould he gently railed on one fide to admit 
the air to them, and fo gradually harden them to the 
open air, o prevent their drawing up weak. Whenthefe 
have made good roots, they fliould be carefully remov¬ 
ed, and planted in an eaft border at about eight or nine 
