848 
H I E 
Temain ; the following fummer they will flower and pro¬ 
duce ripe feeds, and t^e roots will continue fome years, 
if they are not planted in a rich moift foil, which fre¬ 
quently orcafions their rotting in winter. They may 
a!fo be propagated by parting the roots in autumn. See 
Andryala^Aparcia, Crepis, Hedypnois, Hyo- 
seris, Htpoch^ris, Lapsana, Leontodon, Pec- 
tis, Picris, Senecio, Seriola, Sonchus, and 
TRAGOPQ.GON. 
HI ERANO'SOS, f. [from *sg3?, Gr. holy, and h>< ro?, 
a difeafe.] The epilepfy ; fo called becaufe it is lup- 
pofed to be that diforder which our Saviour cured in 
thofe who were faid to be poflefled of devils. 
HI'ERA PI'CRA,/. [from itgoj, Gr. holy, and 
bitter.] A compofition of focotrine aloes mixed up with 
honey ; and thus named from its fuppofed divine virtues. 
HIERAP'OLIS, in ancient geography, a town of 
Phrygia, abounding in hot fprings ; and deriving its 
name from the number of its temples. There are coins 
exhibiting figures of various gods who had temples here; 
and of this place was Epictetus the ftoic philofopher. 
It is now called Bambukalaifi ; and it is fituated near the 
Scamander, on a portion of Mount Mefogis, diftant fix 
miles from Laodicca. Its fite appears at a didance as a 
white lofty cliff; and upon arriving at it, the view which 
it prefents is truly wonderful. Dr. Chandler’s defcrip- 
tion of it is as follows:—“ The vad Hope, which at a 
Pittance we had taken for chalk, was now beheld with 
wonder, it feemiing an immenfe frozen cafcade, the fur- 
face wavy, as of water at once fixed, or in its headlong 
courfe fuddenly petrified. Round about us were many 
high, bare, ftony, ridges ; and one with a wide bafis, and 
a (lender rill of water, clear, foft, and warm, running in 
a fmall channel on the top. It is an old obfervation, 
that the country about the Maeander, the foil being 
light and friable, and full of falts generating inflamma¬ 
ble matter, was undermined by fire and water. Hence 
it abounded in hot fprings, which, after pafling under- 
oround from the refervoirs, appeared on the mountain, 
or were found bubbling up on the plain ; and hence it 
was fubjedt to frequent earthquakes ; the nitrous vapour 
comprelfed in the cavities, and fubllmed by heat or fer¬ 
mentation, burfting its prifon with loud explofions, agi¬ 
tating the atmofphere, and fhaking the earth and waters 
with & a violence as extenfive as dedrudlive ; and hence, 
moreover, the peftilential grottos, which had fubterra- 
neons communications with each other, derived their 
noifome effluvia ; and, ferving as fmaller vents to thefe 
furnaces or hollow's, were regarded as the apertures of 
deadly fumes rifing up from the realms of Pluto. One 
or more of the mountains perhaps has burned. It may 
be fufpedled, that the furface of the country has in fome 
places been formed from its own bowels; and in parti¬ 
cular, it feems probable, that the hill of Laodicea was 
originally an eruption. 
“ The hot waters of Hierapolis have certainly pro¬ 
duced that mod extraordinary phenomenon, the cliff, 
■which is one entire incruftation. They were anciently 
renowned for this fpecies of transformation. It is re¬ 
lated, that thefe waters petrified fo eafily, that, being 
conduced about the vineyards and gardens, the chan¬ 
nels became long fences, each a fingle (tone. The road 
up to the ruins, which appears as a wide and high c’aufe- 
way, is a ■petrifaction; and overlooks many green fpots, 
once vineyards and gardens, feparated by partitions tf 
the fame material. The furface of the flat, above the 
cliff, is rough with (tone and with channels, branching 
out in various directions, a large pool overflowing and 
f§edin°- the numerous rills, fome of which fpread over 
the dope as they defcend, and give to the white (tony 
bed a humid look, refembling driven fnow when melting. 
This cruft, which has no take or fmell, being an alka¬ 
line, will ferment with acids; and Picenini relates, that 
trial of it had been made with fpirit of vitriol. The wa¬ 
ters, though hpt, are tiled in agriculture. 
H I E 
“We afcended in the morning to the mins of the 
city, which are-on : a flat, palling by fepulchres with in¬ 
scriptions, and entering, from the ead. We had foon the 
theatre on our right hand, and the pool between us and 
the cliff. Oppofite to it, near the margin of the cliff, is 
the remains of an amazing ftru£ture‘;'once perhaps baths, 
or, as'we conjedtured, a gymnafium; the huge vaults of 
the roof ftriking horror as we rode underneath. Beyond 
it is the mean ruin of a modern fortrefs; and farther on 
are maffive walls of edifices, feveral of them leaning from 
their perpendicular, the dones diftorted, and feeming 
every moment ready to fall; the effedts and evidence” 
of violent and repeated earthquakes. In a recefs of the 
mountain, on the right hand, is the area of a ftadium. 
Then again fepulchres fucceed, fome nearly buried in 
the mountain-fide, and one a fquare building, with an 
infeription in large letters. All thefe remains are plain, 
and of the (tone created by the waters. The file has been 
computed about two hundred paces wide, and a mile in 
length. The theatre is a very large and fumptuous 
ftrudhire. Part of the front is (landing. In the heap 
which lies in confufion, are many fculptures well exe¬ 
cuted in bafTo relievo. The marble feats are dill unre¬ 
moved. The numerous ranges are divided by a low fe- 
micircular wall, near mid-way, with inferiptions on the 
face of it, but moftly illegible. In another compart¬ 
ment, mention is made of the city by its name Hierapolis ; 
and on a third is an encomium in verfe, which iday be 
thus tranflated: ‘ Hail, golden city Hierapolis, the fpot 
to be preferred before any in wide Afis; revered for the 
rills of the Nymphs, adorned with fplendour.’ The 
Nymphs prefided over fprings and fountains. 
“ The waters of Hierapolis were furprifingly attem¬ 
pered for tinging wool with a colour, from roots, rival, 
ling the moft coftly purples ; and were a principal fource 
of the riches of the place. The company of dyers is 
mentioned in the infeription on the. fquare building 
among the fepulchres. That heroum, or monument, was 
to be crowned by them with garlands or felloons of 
flowers. The fprings flowed fo copioufly, that the city 
was full of fpontaneous baths ; and Apollo, the tutelar 
deity of the Hierapolitans, with j 5 Lfculapius and Hygeia, 
on their medals, bear witnefs to the medicinal virtues 
which they poffefs. Near the city was a famous fubter- 
ranean cavern, mentioned by Strabo, called the Pluto¬ 
nium. This was an opening in a brow of the adjacent 
mountain, capable of admitting a man, and very deep, 
with a fquare fence before it, inclofing about half anacre; 
which fpace was filled with black thick mid, fo that 
the bottom could be fcarcely difeerned. The air, to 
thofe who approached it, was innocent on the outfide of 
the fence, being clear of the mi ft in ferene weather, it 
remaining then within the boundary; but there death 
abode. Bulls, as at Nyfa, were faid to have dropt down, 
and were dragged forth without life ; and fome fparrows 
which Strabo let fly, inflantly fell fenfelefs. But eunuchs, 
the priefls of Magna Mater, or Cybele, could go in quite 
to the aperture, lean forward, or enter it, unharmed ; but 
they held their breath, as their vifages teftified, and 
fometimes until in danger of fuffocation. Strabo was in 
doubt whether all eunuchs-couid do this, or only they 
of the temple; and whether they were pfeferved by Di¬ 
vine Providence, as in cafes of entlnifiafm, or were pof. 
feffed of fome powerful antidotes. But it is likely this 
mid was the condenfed fleam of the hot waters, made 
noxious by the qualities of the foil; and that the whole 
fecret of the priefls confided in carrying their faces high 
in the air, as another fpedtator has obferved they always 
did; and in avoiding refpiration when they dooped.” 
Thus, as in a thoufand other indances', the nitre effedls 
of natural caufes were made fubfervient to the craft and 
fordid views of the priedhood. 
HIER AP'OLIS, or Bam'byce, a city of Syria Proper, 
remarkable for the temple of the Syrian goddefs Aftar- 
gatis, or Magog, who was feigned to have the face of a 
Woman 
