H I E 
woman and the tail of a filh; ffie was called by the 
Greeks Derceto, and was thought by fome to have been 
the fame with Attarte. Here was a Chriftian church in 
St. Paul's time. CW: iv. 13. SeeGEOGRv.PHY, vol. viii. 
p.388' 
HI'ERARCH, f. [»ego; and etgxn, Gr. hierarque, Fr.] 
The chief of a facred order: 
Angels, by-imperial fummons call’d, 
Forthwith frotn'all the ends of heav’n appear’d, 
Under their hierarchs , in orders bright. Milton. 
HIERAR'CHAL, adj. Of an hierarch.—The great 
kierarchal Mandat'd was to move. Milton. 
HIERARCHICAL, adj. [kierarckique, Fr.] Belong, 
ing to facred or ecclefiafticai government. 
HIERAR'CHY,/. [derived from the Greek words 
legos, facred, and xgxn, authority, or government; or the 
power of taking the lead and giving direction.] The 
Greeks ufed the terms ‘lvnoigx tx “ Hipparchy ” for the 
government of the horfe ; Nctva^ia “ Nauarchy ” for the 
government of Ihipsarrd fleets; “Taxiarchy” 
for tlie command of ranks in the army’; Tgtng’xgx^ “Tri- 
erarchy” for the commandof gallies ; QvXugxia. “ Phy- 
larchy” for direction over a tribe. So 'Ugccgx lct “Hier¬ 
archy” for taking the lead and giving direction in con¬ 
cerns of religion and things facred. Every department 
in life requires order; and order implies diftinCtion of 
place; according to which, fome mult point out what is 
to be done, and others muli execute. Where there exifts 
not fuch arrangement, all mult be in confufion. Man is 
by nature a religious being. Hence, focieties of men are 
religious. As fuch, they have among them religious infti- 
tutions. Of whatever denomination may be the perfons, 
who take the lead in conducting the ferioiis and facred 
concerns of thofe inftitutions; whether they be ltyled 
prelbyters, or elders, or minifters, or priefts, or biihops; 
fuch perfons do virtually, and according to the true and 
real meaning of the term, conftitute a “ Hierarchy.” It 
is only by limitation of its juft fenfe, and by partial ap¬ 
plication of it under fuch reftriCtion, that “ Hierarchy ” 
is taken to mean “ epifcopal direction,” to the exclu- 
fion of other,“direction in things facred.” If we would 
fpeak correCtly, and if we would follow the true import 
of the word, “ Hierarchy ” fubflfts as much among the 
chief minifters in the church of Geneva and Scotland, 
as in the church of Rome or of England. For wherever 
there is regular form and order of facred things, there is 
** Hierarchy ;” the very eftence of which, is conducting 
that regular form and order. 
The plural of this word is often ufed by Milton, who 
cxprefles'by it the.pre-eminence of angels according to 
the different degrees in which they are fuppofed to be 
ranked. Thus, fpeaking of angels, he fays, 
Glory they fung to the moft High ; good will 
To future men ; and in their dwellings peace : 
Glory to Him, whofe juft avenging ire 
Had driven out th’ ungodly from his fight 
And th’ habitation of the juft: to Him 
Glory and praife, whofe wifdom had ordain’d 
Good out of evil to create, inftead 
Of fpirits malign, a better race to bring 
Into their vacant room, and thence diffufe 
His good to worlds and ages infinite. 
So fang the Hierarchies.” Par. L. vii. 182. 
Milton, like other writers, when treating of angels, 
might probably have in his mind the works attributed 
to Dionyfius-the Areopagite. But as thofe works are 
fpurious, myftical, and fanatical, we fhall not refer to 
the vifionary ideas of the author, whoever he was, that 
aflumed the name of St. Paul’s illuftrious convert at 
Athens. 
HIERAT'IC, adj. [from legos, Gr. facred..] Set apart 
for facred ufes ; belonging to a fine fort of paper ufed 
for facred pnrpofes. 
HI'ERAi, or Hiera'cas, a learned Egyptian, the 
HIE 849 
founder of a clafs of heretics, called after him, Hioracites . 
He was a native of Leontopolis, and flourifhed about the 
year 302. He is faid to have been well (killed in the 
fciences, particularly in medicine; poflefled great acute- 
nefs of mind; and rendered himfelf much refpedted by 
his fandtity and virtue. According to Epiphanius, he 
maintained, that the principal, objedt of Chrift’s office 
■and miniftry was the promulgation of a new law, more 
fevere and perfedt than that of Mofes ; and from hence 
he concluded, that the life of flelh, wine, wedlock, and 
of other things agreeable to the outward fenfes, which 
had been permitted under the Mofaic difpenfation, was^ 
abfolutely prohibited and abrogated by Chrift. He ex-^ 
eluded from the kingdom of heaven, children who died 
before they had arrived to the ufe of reafon, upon the 
fuppofition that God was bound to adminifter the re- 
wards of futurity to thofe only who had fairly finifhed 
their vidforious conflict with the s body and its lufts. He 
maintained that Melchizedec, king of Salem, was the 
Holy Ghoft ; and he alfo denied the refurredtion of the 
body, expefting only a fpiritual refurredtion. It appears 
that he had many followers among the Egyptian afee- 
tics. He lived to a great age, being, according to fome 
accounts, upwards of ninety years old at the time of 
his death. 
HIE'RES, a town of France, and principal place of 
a diftridt, in the department of the Var, formerly a fea- 
port town, where pilgrims bound for the Holy Land ufed 
to embark, but the fea is now retired to a conftderable 
diftance from the town. It is fituated at the fide of a 
hill, in a delightful country, where it is perpetual fpring. 
It is furrounded by the moft beautiful gardens, in which 
is found the beft fruit of France; oranges, citrons, and 
pomegranates, grow in the open air. Near the town are 
large falt-works, made partly from the waters of the fea, 
and partly from a fait lake near the town. The exha¬ 
lations from the lake render the air frequently malignant, 
but this evil has been remedied by a canal cut from the 
lake to the fea. The Gulf of Hieres, between the town 
and the iflands fo called, is a famous road for veftels, with 
good anchoring-ground, and 'fufficient depth of water. 
It is three leagues eaft of Toulon, and fix fouth of Bri- 
gnolle. Lat.43.10. N. Ion. 23. 52. E. Ferro. 
HIE'RES ISLANDS, a duller of fmall iflands in the 
Mediterranean, near the coaft of France, which take their 
name from the town of Hieres. They are particularly 
celebrated for the great variety of medicinal plants found 
on them. Lat. 43. 2. N. Ion. 24. E. Ferro. 
HIER'ICHUS, an ancient name of Jericho in the Holy 
Land, called the City of Palm-trees, trom its abounding 
in dates. Pliny. 
HIER'KEN, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of 
Drontheim : forty miles fouth-eaft of Romfdal. 
HI'ERO, or Ferro. See Ferro. 
HI'ERO 1 . and II. kings of Syracufe. See the article 
Syracuse. 
HI'ERO’s CROWN, is celebrated for the important 
hydroftatical propofition which it gave occafion to; the 
curious particulars of which are as follow : Hiero, king 
of Syracufe, having furnilhed a workman with a quantity 
of gold for making a crown, fufpeded that he had been 
cheated, by the workman ufing a greater alloy of filver 
than was neceflary in making it; and he applied to 
Archimedes to difeover the fraud, without defacing the 
crown. This celebrated mathematician was led by chance 
to a method of detecting the impolhire, and of deter¬ 
mining precifely the quantities of gold and filver com- 
poiing the crown; for he obferved, when bathing in a 
tub of water, that the water ran over as his body entered 
it, and he prefently concluded that the quantity fo run¬ 
ning over was equal to the bulk of his body that was 
immerfed. He wasfo pleafed with the difeovery, that it 
was faid he ran about naked, crying out, Bvgnxiz ! evguxet l 
“ I have found it!” and fome affirm that he ofleied a 
hecatomb to Jupiter for having infpired him with the 
1 thought. 
