PINUS EXCELS A. 
Nl 
Identification. —PINUS STROBUS, Hamilton’s Account of Nepaul, p. 83 (1802). 
PINUS CHYLLA, Loddig. Cat., p. 50 (1836). 
PINUS EXCELSA ( Wallich MSS.); Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 2, i. p. 55 (1828); Wallich List, No. 6059 (1828); Wal- 
lich, Plant. Asiat. Rarior., iii. p. 1 (1832); Loudon, Arboretum, iv. p. 2285 (1838); Forbes, Pinet. Woburn., p. 75 
(1839); Loudon, Encycl.of Trees, p. 1022 (1842); Link, in Linncea, xv. p. 515 (1841); Spach, Hist. Nat. VSg.Phaner., xi. p. 
396 (1842); Antoine, Conif., p. 42 (1846); Hoffmeister, in Bot. Zeit., p. 184 (1846); Endlicher, Syn. Conif., p. 145 (1847)! 
Knight, Syn. Conif., p. 34 (1850); Lindley and Gordon, in Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 215 (1850); Madden on Himma- 
layan Conifers, in Journ. Agric. and Hort. Soc. of India, vii. p. 75, and reprinted in Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 228 (1850); 
Lawson, Abietince, p. 25 (1851); Carriere, Traits Gin. des Conif, p. 300 (1855); Gordon, Pinetum, p. 222 (1858), and 
Supplement, p. 68 (1862); Orsted, Frilands-Trcsvcexten i Danm., p. 80 (1864); Henkell and Hochstetter, Synops. d. 
Nadelholzer, p. 90 (1865). 
PINUS PENDULA and ABIES PENDULA, Griffith, Journal of Travels (posthumously published), pp. 211, 237, 239, 
264, 265, 287, 293 (1847), and in Journal of Asiatic Society, pp. 217, 218 (1839). 
PINUS NEPALENSIS, De Chambray, Traits Prat. Arb. RSs. Conif., p. 312 (1845). 
Engravings. — Cones, Leaves, &c. —Lambert (op. cit.), t. 33 ; Wallich, Plant. Asiat. Rarior. (loc. cit.), t. 201 ; Porbes (op. cit), t. 29; Loudon, Arbo¬ 
retum (loc. cit), figs. 2197-2202 ; Loudon, Encycl. of Trees (loc. cit), figs. 1915-1918 ; Antoine, Conif. (op. cit), t. 20, fig. 1. 
Specific Character .—Pinus foliis quinis, carinato-trigonis elongatis filiformibus, dorso sine stomatibus 
infra tribus quartis vel quinque seriebus; Strobilis elongatis subcylindraceis conicis pendulis, squamarum 
apophysi dimidiato pyramidata obtusa convexiuscula adpressa, umbone terminali acuto. 
Habitat in omnibus partibus Elimmalayae jugi, Sikkim excepto, etiam in Balti, in Thibet, et in 
Affghanistan. 
A lofty pyramidal tree, reaching from 40 to 150 feet in height. The term excelsa, however, according 
to Major Madden, does not apply to the stature of the tree, but to the elevation at which it grows above 
the sea. Dr Hoffmeister, supposing it to refer to the former, had said that it was “ most unworthy of its 
name, for specimens of more than 40 or 50 feet in height are great raritiesbut Major Madden re¬ 
marks that even on this head his condemnation is too general. “ Large woods no doubt occur in which 
many of the trees are about this height, but Don mentions 90 to 120 feet as the stature ; and between the 
Shalool Pass and Panwee, as well as below Chansoo in Koonawur, there are magnificent forests contain¬ 
ing manv trees certainly not under 150 feet.” The habit of the tree is straight, its bark 
c!> ^ 
oreenish or greenish grey when young, leaden coloured when older ; smooth when young, 
more or less rugged when old. Branches verticillate, growing upwards except at the ends, 
when they sometimes bend downwards ; when older the branches droop, whence it is called 
in India the Weeping Fir. Its growth appears often as if too rapid for its strength. The 
young branchlets are slender, and verticillate ; buds small, conico-cylindrical, and pointed 
[fio-. 1]. Leaves in fives [fig. 2], glaucous green, about 6 inches long, slender, tufty, rather 
flaccid, dishevelled, and shabby-looking; trigonal, with the margins strongly serrated, without stomata on 
[ 22 ] A the 
Fig. 1. 
4 
A 
