4 
PINETUM BRITANNICUM. 
District. 
Locality. 
Position. 
Remarks and Authority. 
Gurhwal . 
Bumpa . 
Upper limit, n, 800 feet . 
Dr Jamieson, Lt. R. Strachey, and Mr 
Kaleekhat . 
A spur of Toongnath, associated with 
A bies morinda and below Picea Pin- 
drow 
Uppermost Pine, both on north and 
Commissioner Batten. 
Dr Hoffmeister. 
)) . 
)) . 
Lamakaga Pass, leading from the Gan- 
Do. 
J) . 
J) . 
ges to the Buspa . 
Harung Pass, behind Sungla . 
Between J aka and the Roopin Pass . .. 
south face, reaching to 11,500 feet on 
the former and 8500 on the latter 
600 feet above Picea, Webbiana . 
Associated with the lowermost speci- 
Do. 
Major Madden. 
Busehur 
mens of Picea Webbiana 
Chiefly below Picea Webbiana . 
Do. 
Simla . 
Near Simla . 
7000 and 8425 feet above the sea . 
Captain A. Gerard. 
J) . 
Mount Jako (highest in the ridge) . 
Muhasoo . 
On the southern face . 
Reaches 9000 feet . 
Dr Thomson, “Western Himmalaya.” 
Major Madden. 
Do. 
99 . 
99 . 
Kumuloree, behind Nagkunda . 
9500 to 10,000 feet . 
Kotkhaee . . . 
Abounds at 5500 feet, and here only on 
the shaded side of the mountains 
Probably its lowest site; little more 
Do. 
59 * * * . 
99 *. 
Along the Beeskool stream below Deo- 
Do. 
Kunawur . 
rah in Joobul, nearly down to the 
Pubur, opposite Raeengurgh 
Between the Shutool Pass and Panwee 
than 5000 feet above the sea 
Do. 
Below Chansoo . 
Do. 
59 .* * 
Kashmir . 
... . . . 1 m m 
Baron Hugel. 
Balti. 
• •• ,,, ... 
Western Thibet . 
Dr Hooker, “ Flora Indica,” p. 195. 
(Til 0*1 t r 
Mountains in lat. . 
Mr Winterbottom. 
Kafiristan . 
Common on the mountains . 
kJ 4, 
North of Jellalabad, and not extending 
Dr Griffith, “ Itinerary,” and Dr 
Affghanistan ... 
Safed Koh range, which bounds the 
farther west than the 69° of east long. 
On the northern slope of the mountains, 
Hooker, “ Flora Indica,” p. 255. 
Dr Hooker, “Flora Indica,” pp. 195 
valley of the Kabul river on the south 
which are lofty and snow-clad almost 
and 256, and collection at Kew. 
throughout the year 
One thing strikes us in following the above range of this tree, and that is, that it seems, with only one 
or two exceptions, to be confined to the southern range or main axis of the Himmalayas. The main 
range runs through or forms the frontier of Bhotan, Nepaul, Gurhwal, Busehur, Simla, Kunawur, Balti, 
Gilgit, Kafiristan, and Affghanistan. Sikkim, which is a southern parallel branch of the same range, has 
no Pinus excelsa. Kumaon, however, does not actually form part of it, but is much nearer it than Sikkim, 
and it has the tree in abundance. 
The occurrence of the tree near Jellalabad, in Kafiristan, and on the Safed Koh range, south of the 
Cabool in Affghanistan, is rightly considered by Dr Hooker a mere continuation of the Himmalayan 
distribution. The Himmalaya itself goes no farther west than the mountains of Gilgit, but turns 
southward; and it is on this southward extension of that range that the tree is found in Affghanistan. 
Pinus excelsa is therefore strictly a tree of the main range of the Himmalaya Mountains, a fa6t not 
without significance when we remember that, according to geologists, the two ranges of the Himmalayas 
were elevated at different periods. Its most northern habitat is that in the Gilgit Mountains, in lat. 35I 0 
N., and its most southern in Bhotan, in lat. 27° Its highest recorded elevation above the sea is 12,140 
feet (at least, that is given by Capt. Gerard for the Leem, which is the same tree), and its lowest is 
5000 feet, it having been once observed by Dr Griffith {oft. cit., p. 239) in Bhotan, in company with 
P. longifolia, as low as 5400 feet. 
Plistory. —The first author who drew attention to this species was Dr Francis Hamilton, who 
gathered it in 1802, near Narainhetty, and noticed it in his “ Account of Nepaul ” under the name of Pinus 
Strobus , from which he did not separate it. Dr Wallich next determined its characters, and named it 
P. excelsa. He brought home many good specimens in various states, some of which he placed in the 
hands of Mr Lambert, who published it as a new species in the second edition of his “ Genus Pinus, 
under 
