PINUS EXCELSA. 
under the name given to it by Dr Wallich, and the remainder are still in his collection in the possession 
of the Linnaean Society. Since then its history is almost confined to the discovery of additional 
localities and the ascertainment of its geographical range. 
Its Bhotiya name is Lumshing, Lamshing, or Lemshing. 
Its Nepaulese name is Deeoshera, Deoologhosee, or Dhoop (words belonging to the Newarree and 
Parbuttee languages). 
Its name in Kumaon is Raesula or Raesulla (meaning King of Firs in the Hindostanee language). 
,, Gurhwal ,, Cheela, Kuel, Tschir, or Tschil. 
,, Busehur ,, Cheel. 
,, Joobul ,, Cheeltoo, Cheetoo, Cheeoo. 
,, Simla ,, Kyi or Kel, Kael. 
,, Kunawur,, Leem. 
,, Kashmir „ Kair. 
,, Kafiristan,, Piunee. 
It was introduced into Britain by Dr Wallich about 1827. Lambert says, “ I have been fortunate 
in raising many young plants of this fine species, which, however, are still so small that I have not yet 
ventured to put them out in the open ground ; but I have little doubt, considering the great elevation at 
which it is found, but that it will prove equally hardy with the Weymouth Pine. His expectation has 
- been quite borne out, the tree having proved perfectly hardy, and it is now generally distributed through¬ 
out Britain. 
Properties and Uses. —The wood is very soft, and consequently in its native country is only used 
for building and other economic purposes where better kinds of Pine timber are not procurable. In 
Bhotan, however, it is said by Capt. W. S. Webb to be preferred to every other timber which grows there, 
but neither the Deodar nor the Pinus longifolia are found in Bhotan. In the Western Himmalayas it is 
placed next after the Deodar and the Cheer (P. longifolia ) for usefulness. It is very resinous. Capt. 
Webb says, in a letter quoted by Lambert, that it yields in great quantities a pure and liquid turpentine by 
the slightest incision. The cone has generally also some resinous drops adhering to the tip of the scales; 
but Capt. Webb’s remark doubtless applies to the timber, which is, like that of the other Weymouth Pines, 
white, soft, and easily worked. It is said to be much esteemed in Busehur as fuel for smelting iron. In 
Kashmir Baron Hugel says it is preferred for burning lime. 
Major Madden, on the authority of Capt. H. Strachey, says that chips of Pinus (excelsa ?) are 
imported from Poldar to Zanskar of Ludakh, where they are used for candles, and called Lashi or chan- 
shing , i.e., night wood; and that in Nepaul knots of this, or P. longifolia , are cut into slips for torches, 
called Diyaloo. 
Culture .—As already said, the tree is perfeClly hardy in this country. It also thrives in France, 
Germany, Belgium, &c. Professor Orsted includes it among the hardy pines in Copenhagen, but Mr 
Schubeler does not mention it as one of the forest trees cultivated in Norway and Sweden. 
Mr Palmer’s tables, of the worst effedts of the cold in this country in i860, give, out of 95, only 
five places where it proved fatal. His abstradt is as follows:— 
Killed. 
Much Injured. 
Slightly Injured. 
Not Injured. 
Total. 
England . 
n 
O 
• . . 
•7 
O 
65 
71 
Scotland . 
2 
2 
1 
15 
20 
Ireland. 
... 
... 
... 
4 
4 
5 
2 
4 
84 
95 
[ 22 ] 
c 
Those 
