n 
PINUS CEMBRA. 
Cenbrot, Eouve, Tinier, of the French ; Alvies, Arth, of the Bernefe Swifs ; Aphernousli of the Tyrolefe ; Arallo of the Savoyards ; Arvel, 
Arve, Zarbel, Zurbel, Zierruss, Leinbaum, of the Germans; Limbove Drewo of the Slavonians; Limba of the Poles; Tzirbolya of the 
Hungarians; Kedr of the Ruffians; Kussoch, Kussuck, Kusu agatsch, of the Siberian Tartars.* 
Identification.— PINASTER, Belon, Coni/., p. 19 (1553); Micheli, Nov. Gen., p. 223 (1729). 
PINUS SYLVESTRIS ASPECTU PICEHS SED FOLIIS PINI, NUCLEIS FRAGILIBUS, Ceesalpinus, De Plant., 
iii. p. 52 (1583). 
PINUS SYLVESTRIS CEMBRO, Mathiolus, p. 102 (1586); Camerarius, Epit., p. 42 (1694). 
PINUS SYLVESTRIS ALTERA, Dodoens, Pempt., p. 160 (1616). 
PINUS CUI OSSICULA FRAGILI PUTAMINE s. CEMBRO, Bauhin, Hi/t., ii. p. 250 (1651). 
PINUS SYLVESTRIS MONTANA, C. Bauhin, Pinax, p. 491 (1623). 
PINUS FOLIIS OUINIS TRIOUETRIS, Haller, Helv., n. (1659). 
LARIX SEMPERVIRENS, FOLIIS OUINIS, NUCLEIS EDULIBUS, Breyn, in Ephemer. Nat. Cur., cent, vii., 
obs. ii. (1719). 
PINUS SATIVA, CORTICE FISSO, FOLIIS SETOSIS SUBRIGIDIS AB UNA THECA OUINIS, Amann., 
Ruth, p. 178 (1739). 
PINUS FOLIIS QUINIS, CONO ERECTO, NUCE EDULI, Gmelin, Flor. Siber., i. p. 179 (1747-69); Duhamel, 
Arbr., ii. p. 127, n. 30 (1804). 
PINUS MONTANA, Lamarck, Flor. Franc., iii. p. 697 (1793). 
PINUS CEMBRA, Linnaeus, Spec., p. 1419 (1753); Pallas, Flor. Rofs, i. p. 3 (1784); Allioni, Flor. Pedem, ii. p. 179 (1785); 
Villars, Flor. Delphi., iii. p. 806 (1789); Willdenow, Baumz, p. 212 (1796); Holt, Synops., p. 523 (1797); Du Roi, Harbk. 
ed Pott, ii. p. 69 (1800); Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 1, i. p. 34 (1803-24); Decandolle, Flor. Franc., iii. p. 275 (1805); 
Desfontaines, Hijl. Arb., ii. p. 612 (1809); Wahlenberg, Flor. Carpat., p. 309 (1814); Baumg., Flor. Transyvl., ii. p. 304 
(1816); Loiseleur, Nouv. Duham., v. p. 248 (1819); Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 2, i. p. 48 (1828); Gaudin, Flor. Helv., vi. 
p. 186 (1830); Hoft, Flor. Aujl., ii. p. 629 (1831); Ledebour, Flor. Alt., iv. p. 200 (1833); Lawson, Agric. Manual, 
p. 358 (1836); Loudon, Arboretum, iv. p. 2274 (1838); Forbes, Pinet. Woburn., p. 69 (1839); Antoine, Coni/., p. 45 
(1840-46); Link, in Linncsa, xv. p. 513 (1841); Loudon, Encycl. of Trees, p. 1016 (1842); Spach, Hijl. Nat. Veg. Phaner., 
xi. p. 398 (1842); De Chambray, Traiti Prat. Arb. RCs. Coni/., p. 334 (1845); Endlicher, Syn. Coni/., p. 141 (1847); 
Knight, Syn. Coni/., p. 34 (1850); Lindley and Gordon, in Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 214 (1850); Lawson, Abietinetz, p. 24 
(1851); Carriere, TraitS Gen. des Coni/., p. 295 (1855); Gordon, Pinetum, p. 219 (1858); and Supplement, p. 67 (1862). 
PINUS CEMBRA, Var. A. COMMUNIS, a VULGARIS, et /3 HELVETICA ; Clairville, apud Gaudin ( loc. cit.) 
Engravings.— Cones, Leaves, &c. — Micheli, Nov. Gen. (loc. cit.), t. 19; Ephemer, Nat. Cur. (loc. cit), t. 1, fig. 3 and 5 ; Duhamel, Arb. (loc. cit), 
t. 32 ; Loiseleur in Nouv. Duham. (loc. cit), t. 77; Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 1 (loc. cit), t. 23 ; ed. 2 (loc. cit), t. 30 and 31 ; 
Forbes, Pinet. Woburn, (loc. cit), t. 27; Loudon, Arboretum (loc. cit), figs. 2188 to 2191 incl.; Loudon, Encycl. of Trees (loc. 
cit), fig. 1902 and 1905 ; Antoine, Conif. (loc. cit), t. 20, f. 2. 
Trees. —Loudon, Arbor. Brit. (loc. cit), fig. 2192, and vol. viii. pi. 376. 
Specific Character .—Pinus foliis quinis interdum quaternis vel fenis teneris marginibus valde 
serrulatis, ftrobilis faturate violaceo-brunneis vel virentibus ovatis obtufis bafi fubumbilicatis, fquamis 
cuneatis, apophyfi dimidiata late rhombea obtufa margine plana vel fubreflexa, ’ umbone terminali late 
lanceolato, antherarum cnfta reniformi crenata, feminibus aptens tefta brunnea vel fubfufea. 
* Endlicher (Syn. Conif, p. 142), gives the following local or provincial names of this tree among the various Afiatic tribes, viz. “ Syra 
et Njarga, Tomenfibus ; Sus-pu, Permcecis et Sinenis ; Taet, Vogulis ; Olba, Vogulis ad Tfchuffovajan ; Ulpe, ad Sofvam; Laegal, Liggal, 
Ofiacis; Iilgat, Vajfuganis ; Tiddi, Samojedis Obenfibus ; Tiddek, adKetam; Tyri, ad Ienifeam; Tydeng, Samojedis monticolis ; Tjadyng, Cam- 
afehis; Imp’hai, Arinzis ; Py, Affinibus Pumpocolienfibus ; Hai, Inbazkienfibus ; Pei, Affanis ; Cutschi, Burdetis; Chofchi, Mongolis ; Taktykan, 
Tungufis .” 
[ lb ] 
A 
Habitat 
