PINUS MANDSHURICA. 
Slanez of the Ruffians; Bolgikda of the Tungufians ; Bolgytt of the Lamutans; Sutum or Schotom of the Kamtfchatdales; 
Katschivok of the Koraeks; Paxepni of the Kurile Tribes; Koldong of the Chodzea Tribes ; Gua-Sung of the Chinefe. 
Identification.— PINUS FOLIIS QUINIS, CONO ERECTO, NUCLEO EDULI, PUMILA NUCLEIS MINORIBUS, Gmelin, 
Flora Siber., i. 179 (1747). 
PINUS CEMBRA B. PUMILA, Pallas, Flor. Ro/s, i. p. 5 (1784.) 
PINUS PYGMAiA, (Fifcher MSS.) 
PINUS CEMBRA, Var. PYGM^EA, Loudon, Arboretum, iv. b. 2274 (1838); Loudon Encycl. of Trees, p. 1016 (1842). 
PINUS CEMBRA, Var. PUMILA, Endlicher, Synopfs Conifer., p. 142 (1847); Lindley and Gordon, Journ. Hart. Soc., 
v. p. 214 (1850); Lawson, Abietinece, p. 24 (1851). Carriere, Traitd Gin. des Conif., p. 296 (1855). 
PINUS CEMBRA PYGMvEA, Gordon, Pinetum, 220 (1855), and Supplement, p. 68 (1862). 
PINUS MANDSHURICA, Regel, Tentamen. Flor. UJfur. 
Specific Char after.— Cembra trunco fruticofo humili, ramis elongatis profiratis decumbentibus vel 
adfcendentibus, foliis brevioribus marginibus haud ferrulatis fafciculis magis confertis; flrobilis parvis 
fubcylindricis, apophyfi parum reflexo ; feminibus parvis. 
Habitat in Siberia ultra Lenam, in Kamtfchatka, et in Infulis Kurilibus. 
This fpecies has generally (but erroneoufly) been confidered a climatal variety of P. Cembra. 
Although perfe&ly diftinH from that Pine, it is fo clofely allied to it that we {hall befi defcribe it by con- 
trailing their charaHers, and pointing out where they agree and where they differ. 
The true P. Cembra is a lofty tree, reaching a height of ioo or even 120 feet, and with a trunk 
attaining a circumference of from 12 to 18 feet The prefent fpecies is always a Hunted bufh, and never 
reaches the dimenfions or the habit of a tree. The trunk, according to Pallas, does not exceed two inches 
in thicknefs, and the branches rarely more than one inch. The tree in Siberia does not exceed fix feet 
in height; in Britain it does not get much beyond fix inches. It is Hunted in its native defolate country, 
and continues fo when cultivated in more genial climes; and this not only when young, 
but when it has attained fuch maturity as to produce cones. Its branches are tortuous. 
The young bark is rich brown, corrugated, and marked with the fears of fallen 
leaves; when older it becomes blackifh. The leaves [fig. 1] are finer and fhorter in 
P. Mandfhurica than in P. Cembra , often only about an inch, and feldom exceeding 
two inches in length, while the other reaches three inches, and they are clufiered more 
clofely in tufts or fafcicules; but the moH marked difiindtion in the leaves is that, in 
P. Cembra , the margins are Hrongly ferrulated, while in P. Mand/hitrica there are no 
ferrations at all, the margins being perfectly fmooth. The fiomata in P. Cembra 
are ufually in from three to five rows; in P. Mandjhitrica they are fometimes in two, and fometimes 
[ 17 ] A 
Fig. 1. 
in 
