PINUS MANDSHURICA. 
3 
Siadadyngya, Salale, Dahaang-dyngza, &c. We are, however, hill in the dark as to the limits of its 
diftribution in other parts of Eaftern Siberia. 
Hiflory. —Until Profeffor Regel pointed out the fpecific diftindtion that the margins of its leaves are 
not ferrulated, while thofe of P. Cembra are, this fpecies was reckoned by botanifts to be only a 
variety of P. Cembra. It had been noticed by Gmelin upwards of 120 years ago; and Pallas in 1784 
gave it the fub-fpecific name of P. Cembra , var. pumila. 
Endlicher, in his “ Synopfis Coniferarum,” fuggefts that this form, as he confidered it, of P. Cembra 
fhould be compared by the ftudent with P. Koraienfis :—“ Forma B. propria ut videtur fpecies cum Pinu 
Koraienfi Sieb. Zucc. fucliofus comparandad The fuggeftion is doubtlefs given on the firength of 
the locality. He may have thought it not improbable that a Cembra found in Japan might very probably 
prove identical with one which was common on the adjoining mainland; but the idea is erroneous. 
It is probably from this remark of Endlicher’s that an opinion, which we have heard expreffed, has 
originated, that the young plants of P. Koraienfes , introduced from Japan, were only a variety of P. 
Cembra , var. pumila ; in other words, of this fpecies. But they do not even belong to the fame fedtion 
of the Cembroid Pines as the true P. Cembra. The fcales and cone of P. Koraienfis are larger, longer, 
and thinner in texture (inftead of being fmaller and Ihorter, and thick and folid), than thofe of the true 
P. Cembra. It has more the character of the Mexican P. Don Pedri —a fubfedlion of the Cembroid 
Pines charadteriftic of Mexico, in the fame way that the Pfeudo-Jlrobi there reprefent the true Strobi. 
If we muft feek for an ally to it in Japan, it is to P. parvflora that we fhould look. That fpecies 
comes nearer to the true Cembras than any other Japanefe Pine, but is feparated from them longo 
intervallo. P. parviflora (although a Cembra) has fhort fcales to its large feeds, fhewing the futility of 
all attempts to reftridt within abfolute and fixed boundaries any genera, or other fubdivifion or group of 
fpecies, which man may feek to eftablifh. 
Properties. —Much practical advantage is not to be expedted from the cultivation of a tree which, in 
this country, after fifty years’ growth, has only reached eight inches in height. Even in its native country, 
a height of five feet and a diameter of two inches will not fuit many purpofes. Pallas, however, mentions 
that the young fhoots are reckoned an excellent antifcorbutic, and are much more agreeable to the tafte 
than thofe of the fir. 
Culture. —So far as we know, this fpecies has not been introduced of late years into this country, either 
under the name of P. Cembra , var. pumila , or P. Mandfhurica; and a fingle plant at Dropmore is, we 
believe, the only fpecimen in Britain. Through the kindnefs of Profeffor Regel, we have received a few 
feeds, which we trufi: will, in another year, render this remark no longer applicable. Loudon fpeaks of the 
one at Dropmore, and it is alfo noticed by Carriere, and both referred it to either this fpecies, or to the 
pigmy horticultural variety of the common Cembra. We have examined it, and find that it poffeffes the 
unferrulated leaves and biferial ftomata of this fpecies, to which we therefore refer it without doubt. When 
Loudon faw it in 1837, it had been twenty years planted, and yet was only fix inches high. It is now 
(1866) only eight and a half inches high; and Mr Froft informs us that he has remembered it over forty 
years, and does not fee much difference in its fize from the time he firft knew it. Loudon alfo fpeaks of 
one in the garden at Hopetoun Houfe, near Edinburgh, which was then (1836) faid to be upwards of 100 
years old, and meafuring five feet fix inches high. There is fome doubt as to the identity of this individual, 
a pigmy P. Strobus having apparently become confounded with it; but at any rate, whatever may be the 
true individual, there is now none to be found there poffeffing the diftindtive characters of this fpecies, 
fuch as the unferrulated leaves, &c. Pallas mentions that he had a fpecimen from Montan vert, in Savoy, 
which refembled the Siberian variety in the clofenefs of the leaves, only they were much thicker. This 
was, doubtlefs, merely a variety of the common Swifs P. Cembra. 
[ 17 ] B 
Several 
