u r 
PINUS MONOPHYLLA 
(P. F R E M O N T I A N A). 
Identification. —PINUS MONOPHYLLA, Torrey, in Report in Fremont's Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to 
Oregon and California in 1843, p. 319 (1845). 
PINUS FREMONTIANA, Endlicher, Syn. Conif., p. 183 (1847); Gordon, in Journ. Hort. Soc. (exclus. Syn. Endlicher and 
Torrey), iv. p. 293 (1849); Knight, Syn. Conif.'., p. 28 (1850); Lindley and Gordon, Hort. Soc. Journ., v. p. 216 (1850); 
Carriere, Traite Gen. des Conif., p. 406 (1855); Gordon, Pinetum, p. 194 (1858); Henkell and Hochstetter, Synop. de 
Nadelholzer, , p. 91 (1865). 
Engravings. — Cone and Leaves. — Torrey, in Bot. Fremont's Rep., t. 4; Gordon, in Journ. Hort. Soc., iv. p. 293. 
Specific Character. —Pinus foliis solitariis abbreviatis rigidis pungentibus, strobilis brevibus squamis 
prominentibus, utrinque lato excavato apophysi pyramidata recurva, umbone truncato, seminibus apteris. 
Habitat in California boreali montibus, inter 11 i°-i2o° long. W. 
A small tree, rarely exceeding 20 feet in height and 1 foot in diameter. 
Branches verticillate. Bark pale brown, with the marks of the insertion of 
the leaves distindt, especially on the young plants [fig. 1]. 
Buds cylindrical clavate: Dr Torrey says they are about 
l of an inch in length; but those we have seen are only 
about l of an inch in length. Leaves [fig. 2] solitary, 
occasionally two in a sheath, but not agglutinated together, 
as is erroneously stated by Endlicher to be the case. They 
are from 1 inch to 2 \ inches in length, with about fourteen 
longitudinal rows of oblong stomata [fig. 3] ; often more or 
less curved, very stout and stiff, round and longitudinally 
corrugated, in herbarium specimens tapering, and ending in a spiny point. 
In the rare case of there being two 
in the sheath they are semi-cylin¬ 
drical, and each has about seven 
or eight longitudinal rows of sto¬ 
mata on the back, and five to seven 
on the inner side [figs. 4 and 5]; the stomata are large and oblong, and the 
Fig. 3 - 
Fig. 4. 
Fig- 5 - 
Fig. 1. 
(Copied from Torrey’s figure.) 
Fig. 6. 
(Copied from Torrey’s i 
[ 27 ] 
margins of the leaves are entire. The 
sheaths of the leaves about \ of an inch in 
length around the young leaves, but very 
soon deciduous; pale fawn colour. Male 
catkins about 1 inch in length [fig. 6]. Sta¬ 
mens with a large rounded crest. Cones ovoid, fawn - coloured, from 
12 to 2 - 2 inches long, and about i| inches broad at the broadest part [fig. 
7]. Scales with a thick and obtusely pyramidal protuberant apophysis, 
somewhat lecurved; the umbo is slightly depressed and corrugated, but 
A without 
