P I N U S 
PINASTER. 
> I 
Identification. — PINUS SYLVESTRIS MARITIMA, conis firmiter ramis adhaerentibus, J. Bauhin, Hist., i. p. 345 (1650); Tournefort, 
Inst., p. 586 (1700) ; Gerard, FI. Gallo-Prov., p. 546 (1761). 
PINUS MARITIMA ALTERA, C. Bauhin, Pinax, p. 492 (ed. 1, 1623 ; ed. 2, 1671); Duhamel, Arbr., ii. p. 125 ( 1755 ). 
PINUS SYLVESTRIS / 3 ., Linmeus, Spec., p. 1418 (1753). 
PINUS SYLVESTRIS, Miller, Diet., n. 1. (1731). 
PINUS PINASTER, Solander in Hort. Kew., ed. 1, iii. p. 367 (1789) ; Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 2, i. p. 17 (1828); Law- 
son, Agric. Manual, p. 341 (1836); Loudon, Arboretum, iv. p. 2213 (1838); Loudon, Encycl. of Trees, p. 961 (1842); 
Antoine, Conif., p. 18 (1840-46) ; Forbes, Pinet. Woburn., p. 29 (1839); Link in Lmncea, xv. p. 498 (1841) ; Schouw, in 
Annal. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, iii. p. 235 ; Endlicher, Syn. Conif., p. 168 (1847) ; Lindley and Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. 
p. 217 (1850); Knight, Syn. Conif., p. 27 (1850); Lawson, Abietinece (1851); Carriere, Traiti Gin. des Conif., p. 365 
(1855); Gordon, Pinetum, p. 176 (1858); Do., Supplement, p. 62 (1862); Orsted, Fnlands-Trcevcexten i Danm., p. 72 
(1864); Henkel and Hochstetter, Synop. d. Nadelholzer, p. 25 (1865). 
PINUS MARITIMA, Lamarck, Encycl. Method., v. p. 337(1804); De Candolle, FI. Franc., iii. p. 273 (1805); Duhamel, 
Arbr., ii. ( 1755 ); Loisel, Nouv. Duham., v. (1801-19); Spach, Hist. Nat. Vig. Phaner., xi. p. 382 (1842); De Chambray, 
Traiti Prat. Arb. Ris. Conif., p. 251 (1845). 
PINUS PINASTER MARITIMA, Loudon, Arboretum, iv. p. 2217 (1838). 
PINUS LEMONIANA, Carriere, Train Gin. des Conif., p. 368 (1855). 
Var. Pinus Hamiltonii, Tenore, Cat. Neap., p. 90 (1845). 
Pinus Pinaster Hamiltonii, Lindley and Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 217 (1850); Knight, Syn. Conif., p. 27 
(1850). 
Var. B. major, Duhamel, Arbr., ii. p. 133 (1755); Carriere, Traiti Gin. des Conif., p. 365 (1855) ; Gordon, Pinetum, p. 178 
(1858); Henkel and Hochstetter, Synop. d. Nadelholzer, p. 27 (1865). 
Var. Pinus Pinaster minor, Loisel, Nouv. Duham., v. p. 242 (1801-19); Loudon, Arboretum, iv. p. 2216 (1838); Loudon, 
Encycl. of Trees, p. 963 (1842); Endlicher, Syn. Conif., p. 169 (1847); Lindley and Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 218 
(1850); Lawson, Abietinece, p. 39 (1851); Carriere, Traiti Gin. des Conif., p. 366 (1855); Gordon, Pinetum, p. 178 
(1858); Do., Supplement, p. 62 (1862); Orsted, Frilands-Trcevcexten i Damn., p. 73 (1864); Henkel and Hochstetter, Synop. 
d. Nadelholzer , p. 28 (1865). 
Var. Pinus Escarena, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer ., ii. 459 (1826-28). 
Pinus Pinaster Escarena, Loudon, Arboretum , iv. 2214 (1838); Endlicher, Syn. Conif., p. 169 (1847); Lindley 
and Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 217(1850); Knight, Syn. Conif., p. 27 (1850); Lawson, Abietinece, p. 39 
(1851). 
Var. Pinus Lemoniana, Bentham in Hort. Trans., ser. 2, i. p. 512 (1834); Lawson, A gric. Manual, p. 343 (1836); Spach, 
Hist. Nat. Vig. Phaner., xi. p. 400 (1842). 
Pinus Pinaster Lemoniana, Loudon, Arboretum, iv. p. 2215 (1838); Loudon, Encycl. of Trees, p. 963 (1842); Endlicher, 
Syn. Conif., p. 169 (1847); Lindley and Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 217 (1850); Knight, Syn. Conif., p. 27 
(1850); Lawson, Abietinece, p. 39 (1851); Gordon, Pinetum, p. 178 (1858); Henkel and Hochstetter, Synop. d. 
Nadelholzer, p. 27 (1865). 
Engravings. — Leaves, Cones, &c. —Duhamel (op. cit), ii. t. 28, No. 2, and t. 29, No. 4; Loisel, Nouv. Duham., v. t. 72, and t. 72, No. 1 ; Lambert, 
Genus Pinus, ed. 2, t. 9-10; Loudon, Arboretum, iv. figs. 2100, 2101 ; Loudon, Encycl. of Trees, figs. 1781, 1782 ; Antoine, 
Conif, t. 6, fig. 1; Forbes, Pinet. Woburn., p. 29 ; De Chambray, Traiti Prat. Arb. Ris. Conif., pi. ii. and pi. v., fig. 1. 
Trees. —Loudon, Arboretum, viii. pis. 368, 369. 
Specific CharaSler .—Pinus foliis geminis magnis et elongatis stomatum seriebis pluribus instrubtis, 
vaginis brevibus, gemmis magnis squamas recurvatas ferentibus; strobilis verticillatis confertis ovatis sessili- 
bus, squamis elevato pyramidato, umbone acuto ; seminibus alatis. 
A 
Habitat 
