February 11, 1893] 
THE FISHING GAZETTE 
95 
most difficult feature or portion of the cast to 
explain or acquire. 
The thumb must be thoroughly educated to 
control the rendering of the line during the cast, 
and this can onlj* be accomplished by continual 
and patient practice in training the thumb to 
^PP^y j^ist the requisite amount of uniform pres¬ 
sure, to prevent the overrunning of the line, or 
back-lashing of the spool. 
The beginner should make up his mind in the 
first place to keep his temper, and to exhibit no 
impatience at the frequent slipping of his thumb, 
and the consequent snarling and tangling of liis 
line. The more calmly and philosophically he 
views these annoyances and perplexities, the 
sooner will he overcome the difficulty, and become 
au fait in the management of the reel. The best 
instruction I can give him is to make the pressure 
of the thumb gentle, but firm and uniform, 
during the flight of the minnow, and to stop the 
revolving spool the moment the bait alights on 
the water, by a stronger pressure. 
These directions are as brief, plain, and explicit 
as it is possible to make them ; they embody the 
main principles involved, and the novice, by a 
careful and practical application of them, can, by 
perseverance, soon become a good caster of the 
live minnow. 
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 
If fishing from a boat, on a lake or large 
pond, the angler proceeds in his boat on the out¬ 
side, or deep water side, of the fisning grounds, 
and casts in, toward the feeding grounds, the 
oarsman rowing rapidly or slowly, or holding the 
boat stationary, as circumstances demand. The 
A SUCCESSFUL SALMON LADDER. 
boat being in deep water the fish are not so apt 
to see it, which is a great advantage. The angler 
can cast in any direction and to any distance, 
greater or lesser, within the length of his line, as 
he may desire. He can cast astern and proceed 
as in trolling, or cast to either side, or forward, 
and by reeling in the line keep the bait in motion. 
It can readily be imagined how expert casting 
has so great an advantage over any other method 
of bait-fishing, and that when once acquired 
it will never be relinquished for any other 
mode. 
[It will add to the intereH of this notice if we 
give an illustration of one of the finest American 
multiplying reels, viz., the “ Henshall Van 
Antwerp,” made by Mr. Thos. H. Chubb. There 
is a dr.sg action on this winch, and two distinct 
check actions, one noiseless, the other not so. It 
is beautifully made in every way.— Ed. F. Gf] 
Powell’s Balsam of Aniseed—Fob Coughs. 
Powell's 
Powell's 
Powell's 
Powell's 
Powell's 
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Powell's 
Powell's 
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Powell's 
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Powell's 
Powell's 
liiilsam of Aniseed—Coughs and Asthma. 
Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs and Bi'onchiiis. 
Balsam of .Aniseed—Coughs and Hoarseness. 
Balsam of Aniseed - Coughs jind Lung Troubles. 
Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs. Safe and Eeliable. 
Balsam of Anhseed—Coughs. Established L'l24. 
Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs. Befuso Imitations. 
Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs. Sold by Chemists. 
Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs. Night Cough, Inlluenza. 
Balsam of Aniseed—Cough.s Keiieved Instantly. 
Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs. The Oldest Keme'dy. 
Babsam of Aniseed—Coughs. Trade Marl;, 
Balsam of Aniseed—I.ion, Net, and Mouse. 
Balsam of Aniseed—Is. lid., 2s. od. 
By R. P. 
The successful opening up of a considerable 
tract of water to the migratory Salnioni ice is of 
such rare occurrence that each case is well worth 
chronicling, and as the one to which I would 
refer has received the imprimatur, so to speak, 
of Ilerr Landmark, the able inspector of salmon 
fisheries in Norway, I will venture to attempt 
a brief account of the river and its surroundings, 
and I do not think I can do better than begin by 
translating from the Official Report of the year 
1889. It proceeds—“Birkremselven, or, as the 
lower portion is often called, Tengselven, is, next 
to Suldalselven, the largest w'atercourse in the 
Stavanger Amt, putting aside Sire-Aaen, which, 
for a portion of its course, divides it from the 
Mandal and Lister Amt. Its length reckoned 
from Oyevandene in the latter Amt, whence its 
main branch flows, is sixty-six kilometres, with a 
basin 668 kilometres in extent. Practically 
speaking, the salmon go only as far as Fotlands- 
foss, a distance of little more than one kilometre 
from the sea. This fall is not naturally an abso¬ 
lutely insurmountable obstacle, but it is so 
blocked up with traps that scarcely any fish 
except small ones, can surmount it during the 
period when fishing is lawful. A esrtain number, 
however, make their way up in the twenty-four 
hours during which the law demands that the 
cruives shall bo open, and after the commencement 
of the close time. As the river below the fall is 
badly off for spawning purposes, the greater portion 
of the salmon frequenting it spawn above the foss. 
For many miles there are no obstacles to 
the ascent of the fish, and in the main stream 
as well as in several affluents, there is 
ample spawning ground. The quantity of 
fish taken below the fall is considerable 
in proportion to the small extent of the 
river, but there can be no doubt that their 
numbers would be largely increased were they 
given a free passage to the upper water 
through Fotlandsfoss. This could be done 
at a small cost, except as regards the compensa¬ 
tion to the owners of the cruives at the foss. In 
1888 something was done with this intention by a 
company, which hired a portion of the river, and 
it is to be hoped that in time the obstacle will 
ultimately be entirely removed. The fjord into 
which the river flows is a very narrow one, and 
at a point about two kilometres from the mouth 
it is still further contracted. Here a bridge 
(Lounesbroen) has been constructed, over which 
passes the railway from Stavanger to Ekersund. 
The foundations of this structure have so nar¬ 
rowed and filled up the channel that the portion 
of the fjord above the bridge has been practically 
turned into a fresh water basin, to which the 
salt water has hardly any access, and the mouth 
of the river has been removed to the bridge, 
through which a strong outward current is always 
flowing. The result is that instead of remaining 
at the mouth of the river proper the salmon hang 
about below the bridge, which has been the means 
of seriously injuring the fishing rights of the 
owners above the bridge, and increasing the takes 
of those immediately below it, where formerly 
there was no fishing to speak of.” 
The document from which I would next quote 
is a special report of Herr Landmark’s, dated 
Christiania, Oct. 9, 1891, in which the inspector 
says: “ I hereby testify that on the Tengs river 
(or the Birkrems river) at Eckersund, there has, 
during the last two or three years, been con¬ 
structed a salmon pass on the Fotlandsfoss (some 
twenty-five feet high), by means of which the 
upper waters—from which salmon were pre¬ 
viously locked out, partly by the fall itself, partly 
by a trap that has now been removed—are now 
opened for a distance of several Norwegian miles. 
The iiass has proved a great success, large 
numbers of salmon having been seen last summer 
running up through it, and the upper water con¬ 
tains quite a number of splendid fishing pools 
and plenty of excellent spawning-ground. There 
can, therefore, in my opinion, be no doubt what¬ 
ever but that within a few years the fishing on 
the river will improve enormously in consequence 
of the pass, and, judging from the results obtained 
last summer by a sportsman, who fished the upper 
waters for a few days, I dare say that they will 
afford fine sport at once. And this may the more 
confidently be expected because the fishing by 
seine nets at the mouth of the river, which has up 
to this year been carried on for six days every 
week, and whereby large numbers of salmon have 
been killed before getting into the river, will, I 
believe, from next year, by virtue of an order of the 
Government, be restricted so as to be used only 
three days a week. The total length of the river 
is about forty-two English miles, and the catch¬ 
ment basin of the same is about 266 square miles. 
It is fed by a great many lakes, some of which 
are rather large.”. Herr Landmark’s anticipa¬ 
tions proved correct, and last year the fish which 
passed Fotlandsfoss were more numerous than 
even during the previous season. It would, of 
course, have been unreasonable to expect that in 
so short a time such a considerable tract of water 
should' have been peopled with fish to 'such an 
extent as to afford sport equal to that on a river 
to which salmon had regularly had access for a 
number of years. Nevertheless, the results were 
very satisfactory, and, although the water was 
only fished in an intermittent fashion, about 
8001b. were killed with the rod, one sportsman 
killing four salmon and a grilse one day, besides 
losing several other fish. This, for a fishing of 
such recent creation, is extremely good, and the 
development of such a fine piece of sporting water 
will be a matter of very great interest, especially 
when the hatchery, which is about to be erected, 
is got into working order. 
Throughout the entire river there are no cruives 
or nets, there is no clay on the banks, and there 
is no timber floating—that curse of so many 
rivers in southern Norway more especially; and 
at the mouth of the river the nets have now to be 
off four days a week. It would seem, therefore, 
that there are all the element.s of making this 
success into a grand one, and I hope shortly to 
hear that the river, and the comfortable fishing 
lodge which has been built upon it, have passed 
from the hands of the Norwegian syndicate 
which initiated the enterprise, into those of an 
English sportsman interested in developing to the 
utmost the capabilities of the river. 
The country is a charming one. and the scenery 
—more especially on the Orsdal \ and, from which 
al arge tributary flows—is very fine, while among 
the numerous other lakes there is abundance of 
brown trout fishing. 
TWEEDS FROM GALASHIELS. 
Paris fashions are proverbial, and truly the 
fair capital of France is crowned Queen of hs 
modes, but in one corner at least of thi.s most 
fickle dame’s domain, the sceptre is willingly 
yielded, and the greatest Paris modistes own 
unflinchingly, even gratefully, that the Scotch 
tweeds are superb; and that for hunting, shoot¬ 
ing, fishing, golf, &c., nothing is to compare to a 
good Scotch tweed simply yet stylishly made. 
Also rowadays when les (jrandes dames play at 
simplicity, and eat black bread off Sevres china 
plates, the robe taillsur is most popular among 
the votaries who worship at the shrine of Paris 
fashion. But, one word, it is necessary that these 
dresses fit perfectly. 
Messrs. Currie, McDougall and Scott, of the 
Langhaugh Mills, Galashiels, N.B., are well 
known to be one of the best manufacturers of 
the now famous Scotch tweeds, and from a box 
of samples we have just been looking over, they 
have, it appears, surpassed themselves. Any way, 
they have effectually succeeded in arousing 
longing desires in the heart of every woman who 
has seen these patterns, to at once possess a dress 
made of one of these sott, charming fabrics. 
No daughter of Eve could resist long their 
subtle fascination, and then even the most 
prudent house wife can add this salve to her 
conscience, “ It will be so useful. There is no¬ 
thing like a tweed for wear.” 
An embarras de richesse makes the choice per¬ 
plexing however, for the variety of these tweeds 
is immense, whilst some beautiful fine cloths, &c., 
divide the honour of the hour with them, for 
Messrs. Currie and Co. do not confine themselves 
only to the manufacture of tweeds, although 
these latter are still Iheir speciality. The Sports¬ 
man’s Cheviot Tweed is splendid wear, and is the 
very thing for a costume for shooting, hunting, 
