S# L O G 
LOG'ICAL, adj. Pertaining to logic; taught in logic. 
—We ought not to value ourrelves upon our ability] in 
giving iubtile rule?, and finding out logical arguments, 
ifince it would be more perfection not to want them. Ba¬ 
ker. —Skilled in logic; furnifhed with logic.—A man who 
lets up for a judge in criticifm, tliould have a clear and 
logical head. Addifcn. 
LOGICALLY, adv. According to the laws of logic: 
How can her old good man 
With honour take her back again? 
From hence I logically gather, 
The woman cannot live with either. Prior. 
LOGIC'IAN,/! A teacher or profefifbrof logic; a man 
verled in logic.—If we may believe our logicians, man is 
diftinguifhed from all other creatures by the faculty of 
laughter. AddiJ'on. 
Each ftaunch polemic ftubborn as a rock, 
Each fierce logician ftill expelling Locke, 
Came whip and fpur. Pope's Dunciad. 
LO'GIE, a town of Scotland, in Rofsfliire: four miles 
fouth of Tain. 
LO'GIE, a town of Scotland, in the county of Aber¬ 
deen : fix miles fouth of Fraferburgh. 
LO'GIE, a town of Scotland, in the county of Angus: 
five miles north-welt of Montrofe. 
LOGIERA'IT, a town of Scotland, in the county of 
Perth : feven miles north of Dunkeld. 
LOGINOV', a town of Ruflia, in the goverment of To¬ 
bolsk, on the Irtifch : fixteen miles fouth-eaft of Tara. 
LO'GISM, J. \_logifmus, Lat.] In rhetoric, an incon- 
clu live kind of argument; a kind of fyllogifm. Bailey. 
LO'GIST, f. [Aoyir*i{, Gr.] An expert accountant. 
Scott. 
LOGIS'TA,_/i The title of an officer at Athens, whofe 
bufinefs was to receive and pafs the accounts of magiftrates 
when they came out of their office. The logifite were in 
number ten; they were elected by lot, and had ten eu- 
thyni, or auditors of accounts, under them. 
LOGIS'TIC, or Logistical, adj. Belonging to com¬ 
putation ; belonging to the method of computation by 
■fexagefimal fractions; logarithmic. 
LOGIS'TICS, or Logistical Arithmetic, a deno¬ 
mination fometimes given to the arithmetic of fexagefimal 
■fraftions, ufed by aftronomers in their calculations. It 
was To called from a Greek treatife of one Barlaamus 
Monachus, who wrote about fexagefimal multiplication 
very accurately; and entitled his book Aofirixvj. This 
author Voffius places about the year -1350; but be miftakes 
the work for a treatife of algebra. Shakerly, in bis Ta- 
bulss Britannicse, has a table of logarithms adapted to the 
fexagefimal fraflions; which, therefore, lie calls logijlical 
logarithms-, and the expeditious arithmetic of them which 
is by this means obtained, and by which all the trouble 
of multiplication and.divifion is faved, be calls logiftical 
arithmetic. See the article Logarithms, vol. xii. p. 902. 
LO'GIUM,^. [in old records.] A lodge, a hovel, an 
6ut-houfe. 
LOG'MAN,y. One whofe bufinefs is to carry logs: 
For your fake 
Am I this patient logman, Shakefpeare's Tempcjl. 
LOGODFE'DALTST, /. [from the Greek Twyoc, a word, 
and frxi an artificer.] An inventor of new words. 
Scott. 
LOGODFE'DALY,y! A fine flourifli of words without 
much meaning. Scott. 
LOGODO'RI. See Sassari. 
LOGOGRAPH'IC, adj. [from the Gr. >,oyoc„ a word, 
and y^u-tyo, to write.] An epithet applied to a method of 
printing, in which the types, inftead of anfwering only to 
•Jingle letters, are made to correfpond to wdiole words. 
LOGQG'RAPHY, f A wvai coined to exprefs the 
LOG 
above invention. It is little ufed at prefent ; but the prin¬ 
ciple of it will be explained under the article Printing. 
LOG'OGRIPH, f. [from the Gr. Xoyo;, a word, and 
ygi^o;, a net.] A kind of riddle. Verbal intricacy ; 
And weaved fifty tomes 
Of logogriphes, and curious palindromes. B. Jonfou's Undo). 
LOG'OM, a town of Hmdooftan, in Vifiapour: ten 
miles north of Poonah. 
LOGOM'ACHY, f. [from the Gr. Aoyo?, a word, and 
a A contention in words ; a contention 
about words.—Forced terms of art did much puzzle facred 
theology with diftinflions, cavils, quiddities; and fo 
transformed her to a nicer kind of fophiftry ar.d logomachy, 
Ifowcl. 
LOGON'DIUM, f in botany. See Vitex. 
LOGO'NE, a town of Hindooflan, in Vifiapour: ten 
miles north of Poonah. 
LOGCVNI, a town of Sardinia: nine miles eaft of Ca- 
gliari. 
LOGCFRAS, a town of Syria; fifteen miles north of 
Antioch. 
LOGOTHE'TA, /. An officer under the emperors of 
the Eaft, who kept an account of the various branches of 
public and private expenfe. There were feveral kinds of 
them, diftinguifhed by the particular branch they fuper- 
intended : as the logotheta or poft-malier general; 
logolhcla Tiav owuzxuv j, or mailer of the houfehold, &c. 
LOGRO'NO, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, on the 
Ebro. It contains five pariflies, eight convents, and about 
5000 inhabitants. The environs produce fruit, legumes, 
flax, hemp, excellent wine, oil, and filk. It is twenty 
miles north-welt of Calahorra, and fifty-two eafi of Burgos. 
Lat. 42.23. N. Ion. 3. 24. W. 
LOGRO'NO, a town of South America, in the pro¬ 
vince of Quito : forty miles eall-fouth-ealt of Cuenza. 
LOG'STOR, or Lixtoer, a town of Denmark, in 
North Jutland, on Lymford Gulf: twenty-one miles welt 
of Aalborg. Lat. 57. N. Ion. 9. 15. E. 
LOG'UIVY PLOU'GROS, a town of France, in the de¬ 
partment of the North Coafts : thirteen miles weft of 
Guingamp, and twelve fouth of Lannion. 
LOGUR', a town of Hindooltan : twenty-eight miles 
weft-north-welt of Poonah. 
LOG'WOOD, f. in botany. See Hamotoxylum. — 
Logwood is of a very denfe and firm texture ; and is the 
heart only of the tree which produces it. It is very heavy, 
and remarkably hard, and of a deep, ftrong, red colour. 
It grows both in the Eaft and Welt Indies, but no-where 
fo plentifully as on the coaft of the bay of Campeachy. 
Hill's Mat. Med, —To make a light purple, mingle cerulb 
with log wood- water. Peackam. 
The ufe of logwood in dying was eftablifhed in this 
country by 13 & 14 Car. II. c. n. before which time it 
was prohibited as a pernicious material. A ccnfiderable 
part of the foluble portion of the wood is taken up both 
by water and alcohol, but much more by the latter, and 
thefe menftrua become tinged by it of a deep purple-red 
or brown. If acids be added to the watery decoction, it 
is turned yellow ; but alkalies give a very deep purple co¬ 
lour, without yielding any precipitate. Alum, added to 
the decoflion of logwood, caufes a violet precipitate, or 
lake; and the fupernatant liquor alfo remains violet, and 
gives a frefh portion cf lake on the effufion of an alkali. 
The falts of iron give an inky black with all the f’olutions 
of logwood, under the fame circumftances as with galls, 
whence the prefence of gallic acid in logwood is evinced. 
The fclutions cf tin form a very fine violet-coloured lake 
with the deco&ion of logwood, and wholly precipitate 
the colouring matter, fo that the fupernatant liquor is 
quite clear and colourlefs. In dying, logwood gives its 
own natural purple, with fliades or variations according 
to the mordant ufed ; or it heightens and improves the 
common black with iron and galls. In this latter way it 
i gives 
