L O K 
gives a peculiar glofs and luftre; on which account it is a 
very valuable dying material. 
Logwood is ufed in miniature-painting to make a pur¬ 
ple waih ; which may be varied to a more red or blue co¬ 
lour by the addition or omiffion of Brazil-wood. The 
waih may be prepared by boiling an ounce of ground log¬ 
wood in a pint of water, till one-half of the fluid be 
wafted ; ftrair. it then through flannel, while of a boiling 
heat; and add to it, when lvrained, about ten grains of 
pearl-afh. To make it more red, add half an ounce of 
Brazil-wood, or in proportion as the colour wanted may 
require; ufing in this cafe the pearl-afh very fparingly. 
This wood hasafweetift) fubaftringent tafte, but a remark¬ 
able fmell. It gives a purplifh-red tincture to watery and 
fpiritucus infulions, and tinges the (tools, anil fometimes 
the urine, of the fame colour; but it does not appear to 
colour the bones of animals. 
Befides its ufe among dyers, it is employed medicinally 
its an aftringent and .corroborant. In diarrhoeas it has been 
found peculiarly efficacious; alfo in tire latter ftages of 
dyfentery, when the obftrufting caufes are removed, it 
ferves to obviate that extreme laxity of the inteftines ufu- 
nlly fuperinduced by repeated dejeftions. Extrablurn ligni 
campechenns is ordered in the pharmacopeias; and may 
be given in the dofe of one fcruple or two, repeated ac¬ 
cording to the urgency of the fymptoms. The extrabf is 
obtained by infpiffating the decoction. To promote the 
extraction, the wood fhould be reduced into a fine pow¬ 
der, which is to be boiled in the water, in the proportion 
of a pound to a gallon, till half the liquor is wafted. Some 
digeft the powdered wood in as much fpirit as will cover 
it to the height of about four inches, and afterwards boil 
it in water; the matters taken up by the watery and fpi- 
rituous menftrua may be united into one extraft, by in- 
fpiftating the watery decoClion to the confiftence of honey, 
3.11 d then gradually ftirring in the fpirituous tinClure. 
The machines for reducing logwood, or other dying 
Woods, to fmall chips or rafpings, that the colouring mat¬ 
ter may be more readily extraCled from them by the dyer, 
are of two kinds: One, by means of knives fixed to a 
large wheel, chips the wood acrofs the grain into fmall 
fragments, which are afterwards reduced to a fine powder 
by grinding them beneath a pair of rolling ftones; this is 
called a chip ping-engine. The other kind operates by fteel 
bars, with a great number of notches in the edge, which 
rafps and cuts the end of the wood into powder: this is 
.called the rajping-engine. Both machines require an im- 
menfe power to actuate them, and are generally worked 
by water-wheels or by fleam-engines. A method of re¬ 
ducing logwood has been lately introduced by fawing it 
with a circular faw, which cuts off a flake from the end of 
a piece of wood, fo that the iar of the faw fhatters the 
flake all into powder. By this means at every cut the 
faw cuts away as much wood as its thicknefs in favv-duft, 
and the flake, which is as much more, is reduced at the 
fame time; fo that all the wood is reduced, though only 
one-half is cut; whereas, in the rafping-engine, every par¬ 
ticle mull be cut by the machine. This improvement 
merits the attention of the woollen manufacturers, whofe 
numerous logwood-mills would be much improved by the 
adoption of this method. 
LOGWOOD COUN'TRY, a diftriCl of America, that 
lies north-weft of the Mofquito ftiore, at the head of the 
bay of Honduras, and extends from Vera Paz to Yucatan, 
from 1 Ht. 15. to 18. N. The whole coaft is overfpread with 
aflets, keys, and Ihoals; and the navigation is intricate. 
LOGWOOD LAGOO'N, a bay or gulf on the nortlf- 
eaft coaft of Yucatan. Lat. ao. 57. N. Ton. 88. 20. W. 
LOH, a river of Silefia, which runs into the Oder five 
miles north-north-weft of Breflau. 
LO'BA, a town of Algiers: twenty-eight miles eaft of 
El Callah. 
LOHARCA'NA, a town of Nepaul ; tea mile* fouth 
of Batgoa. 
' Von. XIII. No. 88$. 
L O B S3 
I* 
LOHARIN'APAU'L, a town of Nepaul: fifteen miles 
fouth of Catmandu. 
LOHAROO', a town of Hindooftan, in Dooab: ten. 
miles north-weft of Pattiary. 
LO'HE, a town of Aultria: twelve miles vreft-fouth- 
weft of Crems. 
LOHEAC', a town of France, in the department of the 
Ille and Vilaine: feventeen miles north of Redon, and 
feventeen fouth of Rennes. 
LOTIEBECK, a river in the duchy of Slefwick, which 
runs into the North Sea lixteen miles fouth of Ripen. 
LOHEI'A, a town of Arabia, in the province of Ye¬ 
men, on the coaft of the Red Sea, founded near the tomb 
of an Arabian faint, about three centuries ago. The ter¬ 
ritory near it is dry and barren. The harbour is fo in¬ 
different, that even the fmalleft veffels are obliged to an¬ 
chor at a great diitnnce from the city ; and, when the tide 
is at ebb, laden boats cannot approach. Notwithftanding 
this difadvnntage, a confiderable trade in coffee is carried 
on from Loheia; the coffee is brought from the neigh¬ 
bouring hills, and expofed in one large heap for fale : it 
is not reputed to be fo good as that which comes from 
Beit el Fakih, and is (hipped at Mokha and Hodeida : 
but coffee is to be purchased here upon more reafonable 
terms; and the carriage to Jidda cofts lefs: on this ac¬ 
count feveral merchants from Cairo live at Loheia, and 
others come annually hither to make purchafes of that 
commodity. Loheia, although without walls, is not en¬ 
tirely defencelefs: twelve towers, guarded by foldiers. 
Hand at equal diftances round it: only one of thefe tow¬ 
ers, and that newly built by emir Farhan, is fuch as to ad¬ 
mit of being defended by cannon. Several of the houfes 
in Loheia are built of ftone ; but the greateft part are huts 
conftrutted in the faftiion which is common among the 
Arabs: i. e. the walls are of mud mixed with dung, and 
the roof is thatched with a fort of grafs. The water at 
Loheia is very bad, and is brought from adiftance. Within 
fix miles of the city is a fmall hill, which affords confi¬ 
derable quantities of mineral lalt. This place is 375 miles 
fouth-fouth-weft of Mecca. Lat. 15.42. N. Ion. 42.40. E. 
Niebuhr , vol. i. 
LOH'MEN, a town of Saxony, in the margravate of 
Meiffen : ten miles eaft-louth-eaft of Drefden. 
LOHN. See Iserlohn, vol. xi. p. 400. and Laiiw, 
vol. xii, p. 87. 
LOH'NIN, a town of Brandenburg, in the Middle 
Mark : ten miles lbuth-ealt of Brandenburg. 
LOH'NINGEN, a town of Swifferland, in the county of 
Schaffhaufen : five miles weft-north-weft of Schaffhaufen. 
LQH'NSTEIN. See Lahnstein, in the preceding vo¬ 
lume. 
LO'HOCK, f—Lohock is an Arabian name for thefe 
forms of medicines which are now commonly called ecleg- 
mas, lambatives, cr linftufes. Quincy. 
LO'HOCK,/ [Scotch.] A loch ; a lake. Scott. 
LOHORPOU'R, a town of Hindoollan,inOude : twenty 
miles fouth of Mahomdy. 
LOHR. See Lahr, vol. xii, 
LQHR, a town of Germany, in the county of Rieneck, 
on the Maine : twenty-one miles north-weft of Wurz¬ 
burg, and thirty-five eaft-fouth-eaft of Frankfort on the 
Maine. 
LOHR, a town of the duchy of Wurzburg: two miles 
north-weft of Ebern. 
LOHR, a river of Franconia, which runs into the Maine 
at the town of Lohr. 
LOHR, a town of Bavaria, in the territory of Rothen- 
burg : three miles fouth of Rothenburg. 
LOHR H AU'PTON, a town of Germany, in the county 
of llanau Munzenburg: twenty-two miles eaft of Hanau. 
LOH'RY, a town of Hindooftan, in Behker, on the 
Sinde: fifteen .miles fouth of Behker. 
LOH'TO, a town of Sweden, in the government of 
Wafa: eighteen miles north-eaft of Gamla Karleby. 
& LGiiCJRLi/GA* 
