L O M 
LQMA'ZY, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of 
Brzefc: thirty-fix miles fouth-fouth-weft of Brzefc. 
LOMAZ'ZI (Giampaolo), an artift and writer, was a 
native of the Milanefe, and born in 1538. He learned 
the art of painting from G. Battifta della Cerra, and prac- 
tifed it with reputation in the branches of hiftory, por¬ 
trait, and landfcape, at Milan, Piacenza, and other cities. 
He is, however, chiefly known for his work on painting, 
compofed after he had the misfortune to lofe his tight in 
his thirty-third year. It was printed at Milan, in 1584., 
with the title of Trattato dell' Arte della Pittura ; to which 
in the following year was added in the title-page, Scoltura 
ed Archiiettura, though he fays nothing of thefe two arts. 
Upon painting he has collected every thing belonging to 
the fubjeft, both hiftorical and preceptive 5 and his work 
ftill retains the reputation it firfl: acquired. He wrote 
likewife, upon the fame topic, Idea del Trmpio della Pittura , 
and a work Della Forma delle Mufe. Lomazzi had likewife 
a talent for poetry, and publiihed feven books of Rime. 
He was fond of that kind of Jocular verfe, which at Milan 
is called lingua facchinefca, and was at the head of an aca¬ 
demy formed for cultivating it, named Della Valle di 
Bregno. He appears to have been in good circumftances, 
fince he is faid to have had in his houfe a collection of 
four tlioufand pieces of the firfl: painters. When he died 
is uncertain. Two medals ttruck in his honour are ex¬ 
tant. Tirabofchi. 
LOM'BA, f. in botany. See Piper. 
LOM'BARD (Peter), a celebrated bifhop of Paris in 
the twelfth century, and known among the fcholaftics by 
the title of Majler of the Sentences , was a native of Novara 
in Lombardy, from which country he derived his fur- 
name. He commenced his academical ftudies at Bologna, 
where there was at that time a famous univerfity, parti¬ 
cularly noted for its eminent profeffors of civil law. But, 
as the French univerfities were in higher repute for their 
profelfors of divinity, which was principally the objeCt 
of Peter’s attention, he came to a determination to pur- 
fue his theological ftudies in that country. In this defign 
he was encouraged by the bifliop of Lucca, from whom 
he received a letter of recommendation to St. Bernard, 
who furniflied him with the means of fupport while he 
ftudied at Rheims; and, when he afterwards removed to 
Paris, St. Bernard obtained for him the patronage of 
Gildin, abbot of St. Victor, who took the fame care of 
his maintenance. In this univerfity he foon acquired a 
high reputation for his learning as a divine, and was no¬ 
minated to the chair of that faculty. He is alfo ftyled 
prefident of the univerfity by contemporary writers. The 
fir ft promotion which he obtained in the church was a ca- 
nonry of Chartres ; which was followed by his elevation 
to the epifcopal dignity, for which he was indebted to 
the regard entertained for him by an illuftrious pupil, 
Philip, fon of king Louis the Grofs. That prince, who 
was educated an ecclefiaftic, and filled the poft of arch¬ 
deacon of Paris in the year 1159, when a vacancy took 
place in the fee of that city, was elected bifhop by the 
chapter. With Angular dilintereftednefs, however, Philip 
declined that dignity in favour of his old rnafter, both 
out of refpeft for his extraordinary learning, and as a 
mark of his great perfonal regard for him. This dignity 
our prelate enjoyed but for a fliort period, fince he died 
in the year 1164. 
Lombard’s celebrity for ages in the fchools, and the ti¬ 
tle by which we have already feen he was diftinguilhed, 
were derived from a work, entitled Scntcntiarum Lib. IV. 
in which, after the method of Auguftine, he has endea¬ 
voured to illuftrate the doftrines of the church, by a col¬ 
lection of fentences and paffages drawn from the fathers, 
whofe manifold contradictions he has attempted to recon¬ 
cile. It may be confidered as a complete body of divinity, 
according to that fcholaftic fyftem of fophiftry and chi¬ 
cane, which had juft before been introduced by the fub- 
tile. Peter Abelard, and which perplexed and obfcured 
the divine doftrines and precepts of the Gofpel by a mul- 
VOL. XIII. No. 816 . 
L O M 41 
titude of vain queftions and idle fpeculations. Flowever, 
it was perfeftly adapted to the tafte of the dark age in 
which it made its appearance ; and was not only received 
with almoft univerfal applaufe, but acquired alfo fuch a 
high degree of authority, as induced the rnoft learned doc¬ 
tors in all places to employ their labours in illuftrating 
and expounding it: the abbe Fleury makes the number 
of commentators on it amount to two hundred and forty- 
four. The firfl: edition of this work was publiflied at 
Venice in 1477, in folio ; and it afterwards underwent a 
multitude of imprefiions at different places. Cave ob- 
ferves, that John of Cornwall, a difciple of Peter Lom¬ 
bard, fays that the latter was not a little indebted to the 
books of fentences of Peter Abelard, in compiling his 
work. And others add, that he made a very free ufe of 
the writings of Bandinus, an obfcureand almoft unknown 
divine, author of Sententiarum Theologicarum Lib. IV. 
publiihed at Vienna 1111519. There certainly is a very 
llriking refemblance between the two performances, the 
principal difference confiding in the greater prolixity of 
Lombard’s work ; but it is impoflible to afcertain which 
of the two authors was the copyift of the other. Thole 
who have any curiofity to examine this point, are recom¬ 
mended to confult Thomafius, DePlagio Literario, §493 
—50a. Peter Lombard was alfo the author of, 2. Gloffa, 
feu Commentarius in Pfalmos Davidis, publiihed at Paris, 
in 1551, folio; and, 3. Colleftanea in omnes Divi Pauli 
Epiftolas, ex Ainbrofio, Hieronymo, Auguftino, aliifque 
Scriptoribus contexta, publiflied at the lame place in 1535, 
folio : in both which he has adopted the fame method as 
in his book of fentences. Maclaine's Mofieim. Cave's Hiji. 
Lit. 
LOM'BARDS, [or rather Langobards, which was 
their original name, deduced from the peculiar length and 
falhion of their beards.] A tribe of people who arole from 
an obfcure and fmall beginning to occupy a confiderable 
rank in Europe. The Scandinavian origin of thefe peo¬ 
ple is maintained by Paul the Deacon, contefted by Cluve- 
rius, and defended by Grotius. It would be tedious, and 
alfo unfalisfaftory to the reader, if we were to make an 
attempt at purfuing the migrations of the Lombards 
through unknown regions and marvellous adventures. 
About the time of Auguftus and Trajan thefe fierce peo¬ 
ple were difcovered between the Elbe and the Oder. They 
were fierce beyond the example of the Germans ; and they 
took pleafure in propagating the tremendous belief, that 
their heads were formed like the heads of dogs, and that 
they drank the blood of their enemies whom they van- 
quilhed iij battle. From the north they gradually de- 
fcended towards the fouth and the Danube ; and, after an 
interval of 400 years, they again appeared with their an¬ 
cient valour and renown. 
A nation called the Lombards is mentioned by Tacitus, 
Strabo, and Ptolemy ; but thefe are different from the 
Lombards who afterwards fettled in Italy, and are reckoned 
to be the fame with the Gepidae, whom the Italian Lom¬ 
bards almoft exterminated. The Lombards who fettled in 
Italy are firfl: mentioned by Profper Aquitanus, bifliop of 
Rhegium in the year 379. That writer tells us, that 
about this time the Lombards, abandoning the moll dil- 
tant coafts of the ocean, and their native country Scandi¬ 
navia, and feekingfor new lettlements, as they were over- 
ftocked with people at home, firfl: attacked and overcame 
the Vandals in Germany. They were then headed by two 
chiefs, Iboreus and Aion ; who, dying about the year 389, 
were fucceeded by Agilmund, who is commonly reckoned 
the firfl king of the Lombards. 
Before the time of Odoacer, the Lombard hiftory affords 
nothing remarkable ; in his time, how'ever, they fettled 
on the Danube, in the country of the Rugians, whom 
Odoacer had almoft totally exterminated or carried into 
captivity. During their flay in this country, they ren¬ 
dered themleives formidable to the neighbouring nations, 
and carried on fuccefsful wars with the Heruli and Ge- 
pidsc. In 546, they were allowed by the emperor Jufti- 
M tiia* 
