LON 
45 
his father was a dealer in fifh. He had the advantage, at 
that time unufual, of learning tqread his native language; 
■.and he early caught a flame of poetical infpiration by pe- 
rufing a tranflation of Solomon’s Song into rude verfe by 
Polotfki. His iove for letters induced him to efcape from 
his father, -who wiflied him to marry, and take refuge in 
a monaftery at Mofco.w. He there acquired the rudi¬ 
ments of Greek and Latin, and difplayed fuch a promile 
of abilities, that he was cho'fen by the Imperial Academy 
of Sciences, in 1636, to be fent at itsexpenfe for improve¬ 
ment to the German univerfity of Marpurg. He con¬ 
tinued there four years ftudying philofophy and rhetoric 
under Wolff, and other branches of fcience under the 
other profeflors. Of chemiftry, which he purfuecf with 
great ardour, he’obtained further knowledge under Kunc- 
kel, at Freyberg in Saxony. On his return to Ruffia he 
■was eledled adjundf, and the next year member, of the 
.Imperial Academy, and profeffor of chemiftry. In 1760 
he was appointed infpedtor to the fe min ary attached to 
tire academy; in 1764. he was honoured with the title of 
counfellor of date. His death took place in the fame 
year. The reputation of Lomonozof in his own country 
is founded chiefly on his poeiical ccmpofitions, which are 
numerous and various in their kinds. His odes are par¬ 
ticularly admired for their fpirit, variety, and fublimity, 
in which qualities he is laid to rival Pindar himfelf. 
That they fhould have a mixture of turgidity and ex¬ 
travagance was to be expected in a country and language 
as yet fo little difeiplinrd by tafle. In thefe and in his 
other poems he was the creator of various meafures new 
±0 Ruffian verfe, fo that he juftly ranks as its greatefl be- 
siefadtor. Among his poetical pieces are tragedies, idylls, 
epiltles, and a fragment of an epic poem on Peter the 
Great. In profe he enriched Ruffian oratory with many 
tranflations from the Greek and Latin, and fome original 
pieces. He likewife publifhed fome chemical and philo- 
fophical tracts, and two fliort works on the hiltory of his 
country. New Biogr. DiEl. 179.8. 
LOM'PAR, a fmall ifland in the Baltic, near the fouth- 
eaft coafl of Aland. Lat. 60. 10. N. Ion. 20. 9. E. 
LOM'PRE, a town of Fi ance, in the department of the 
Forefts : twelve miles eaft of Givet. 
LOfvI'ZA, a town of the duchy of Warfaw, fituated on 
the Narew : eighty miles north-ealt of Warfaw, and 120 
fouth-eafl of Kpnigfberg. Lat. 53. N. Ion. 22. 40. E. 
LON, or Lohn. See Iserlohn, vol. xi. p. 400. 
LON-CHAN-TCHING', a town of China, in Chan- 
tong : five miles ealt of Tci-nan. 
LOM-GAN', a town of Cnina, of the third rank, in 
Kiang-fi; forty-feven miles weft-fbu th-weft of Kien- 
tchang. 
LON-GAN', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Chan-tong: twenty-two miles north-north-weft of Toin- 
tcheou. 
LON-YN', a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Quang-fi : 1160 miles fouth-fouth-well of Pe-king. Lat. 
2.2. 57. N. Ion. 106. 39. E. 
LO'NAS,/. in botany. See Athanasia annua, vol. ii. 
P* 463. 
LONA'TO, or Lonado, a town of Italy, in the de¬ 
partment of the Benaco; twelve miles eaft-fouth-eaft of 
Brefcia. This town was taken by the French the latter 
end of June, 1796. Bonaparte, in the account of the bat¬ 
tle of Caftiglione della Stivern, fays, 4000 Auftrians foon 
after inverted the town of Lonado, in which there were 
only 1200 French troops. Immediately on his arrival at 
that place, the Auftrian commander fent a meflenger to 
demand the furrender of the town. Bonaparte’s anfwer 
to the fummons was, that, if the Auftrian general had 
the effrontery to take the commander-in-chief of the army 
of Italy, he had only to advance: that he ought to,know, 
that the republican army was at that place, and that 
all the general officers belonging to the divifion fhould 
be vefponfible for the perfonal infult he had been guilty 
of towards him; and that, if ills divifion did not, in the 
LON 
fpace of eight minutes, lay down their arms, he would 
not fliow mercy to one of them. This anfwer produced 
the defired effeef, and the whole column immediately fur- 
rendered. 
LONCAR'TY. See Luncarty. 
LON'CHAMP. See Longchamp. 
LONCHAUMOI'S, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of Jura: live miles nerth-north-eaft of St. Claude, 
and thirteen eaft of Orgelet. 
LONCHFTES, /. in aftronomy, a kind of comet re- 
fembling a fpear. AJh. 
LONCHI'TIS, J. [from t\oy^s j, Gr. a fpear.] In bo¬ 
tany, a genus of the clafs cryptogamia, older Alices, na¬ 
tural order of Alices, or ferns. The generic character is 
—the capfules difpofed in iunulated lines lying under the 
finufes of the frond. 
Species. 1. Lonchitis hirfuta, hairy lonc'nitis, or rough 
fpleenvvort : fronds pinnatifid, blunt, quite entire; fhoots 
branched, hirfute. This fern rifes commonly to the height 
of four or five feet. Native of South America and Ja¬ 
maica. 
2. Lonchitis aurita, or eared lonchitis: fronds pinnate, 
the loweft pinnas two-parted ; fhoots undivided, prickly. 
3. Lonchitis repens, or creeping lonchitis : fronds pin¬ 
nate ; pinnas alternate, finuate ; fhoots branched prickly. 
Natives of South America. 
4. Lonchitis pedata, or footed lonchitis : fronds pe¬ 
date ; pinnas pinnatifid, ferrulate. This fern riles by a 
Ample ltalk to the height of two or *»hree feet, and then 
divides into three parts, whereof the middle is Ample, but 
each of the lateral diviAons is again parted into three Am¬ 
ple branches of a proportionate length. Native of Ja¬ 
maica, in the mountains of New' Liguanee. 
5. Lonchitis tenuifolia, or thin-leaved 'lonchitis : arbo- 
refeent ; fronds decompounded; leaves pinnate; pinnas 
linear-oblong, ferrate ; the lowelt pinnatifid. Native of 
the ifle of Tanna, in the South Seas. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe ferns, being natives of 
very hot climates, mult be planted in pots, and plunged 
into the bark-pit. They may be increafed by parting tho 
roots. In fummer they fhould have plenty of free air, 
and be frequently watered. See Acrostichum, Adi- 
ANTUM, AsPLENIUM, BlECHNUM, OPHlOGLOSSUM, OS- 
MUNDA, PoLYPODIUM, andPTERIS. 
LONCHIU'RUS, f. [Gr. lancet-tail.] In ichthyology, 
the name of a genus of fifh inlfituted by Bloch, but con- 
Afting of a Angle fpecies, and now included among the 
furmullets. See Mullus lonchiurus. 
LON'DERSEEL, Londerseil, oi-Londersel (John), 
an engraver of fome celebrity in the Low Countries, was 
born at Bruges in the year 1580. He worked entirely 
with the graver, in afliff dry ftyle, greatly relembling that 
of Nicholas de Bruin, whole diiciple he probably was. 
However, his prints are not without fome (hare of merit; 
and are fought after by connoifleurs. The following are 
the molt worthy of the attention of the collector : 1. Faith, 
Hope, and Charity, perfonified by female figures, with a 
landfcape back-ground. 2. The Five Senfes characterifed 
by figures, feated in a landfcape. 3. A woody landfcape 
with hunters. 4. The fable of Apollo and Daphne. 5. 
The difobedient Prophet devoured by a Lion. 6. Tobit 
journeying with the Angel. 7. Jacob tending the Flocks 
of Laban. 8. St. John in the Wildernefs. 9. The good 
Samaritan. 10. The blind Warrior. 11. The Woman 
with the Haemorrhage. 12. Abraham facrincing Ifaac. 
13. Interior of the church of St. John de Lateran at Rome. 
14. Saul anointed King of the Hebrews. 15. The Rape 
of Tamar. 16. The Prophet foretelling to Jeroboam the 
Divifion of his Kingdom. 17. Sufannah and the Elders. 
18. The Temptation in the Wildernefs. 19. The Sa¬ 
viour praying on the Mount of Olives. 20. The Maries 
approaching the Holy Sepulchre. 2 1. Diana and Aftaeon. 
22. The Pleafures of Summer. 7 le latter is a meri¬ 
torious landfcape ; and they are all of large folio fizes. 
His plates are marked fometimes J. Land, or J. Loader fee. 
1 and 
