LON 
D O N. 
85 
per being Told at eight {hillings per pound in London? It 
was not till the reign of king William, that this company 
obtained the name of the Englifi Eaft-India Company. 
See the article Company, vol. iv. p. 875 ; and, for its pro- 
grefs, the articles England and Hindoostan. 
The trade and navigation on the Englifh coafts being 
greatly interrupted by the depredations of Spanilh priva¬ 
teers, the queen, in 1601, ordered a number of (hips to 
be fitted out to ctuife againll them ; and, on this occafion, 
no lefs than five-fifteenths were aflefled upon the citizens 
of London, towards defraying the expenfe of the arma¬ 
ment : and a proclamation was iffued for difchargiug all 
fuch debtors in the gaols of London as were willing to 
enter on-board the faid fbips. 
In the year 1602, the trade of the city of London hav¬ 
ing been greatly injured by the increafe of hawkers and 
pedlars, the common council enabled, “That no citizen 
or other inhabitant of London, for the future, Ihould, un¬ 
der any pretence whatfoever, prefume to let, before his, 
her, or their, ho life, any Itall, ltand, or perpreffure, upon 
the penalty of twenty (hillings. And that all hawkers of¬ 
fending againll the tenor of this act, Ihould not only forfeit 
all their goods fo offered to fale, but likewife pay a fine 
of twenty (hillings for every fuch offence.” 
Early in the year 1603, the citizens of London, bv the 
queen’s command, fitted out and maintained two (hips 
and a tender, at the annual expenfe of fix thouiand pounds. 
This was the laft demand made by Elizabeth on the citi¬ 
zens ; and it is remarked by hiftorians, that, duringthelong 
reign of that princefs, and confidering the readinefs with 
-whichthe citizens of Londonalways anfwered herdemands, 
(lie did not grant them any new charter of privileges, or 
even fo much as confirm thole which had been given by 
her predecefl'ors. 
On the death of queen Elizabeth, which happened 
March 24, 1603, James VI. of Scotland was proclaimed in 
Clieapfide by the lord-mayor, with the ufual pomp and 
ceremony. Great preparations were made by the citizens 
for the reception of their new fovereign ; but the plague 
continued to rage fo violently, that it was found advifa- 
ble to poffpone the ceremony to the following year ; when 
James made his public entry into London, and was re¬ 
ceived in the moli fumptuoue manner. The fupprefiion 
of fairs in and within fifty miles of the metropolis, was 
one of the effefts of the contagious diforder, which car¬ 
ried off' 30,578 perfons within the fpace of twelve months. 
The court of requefts, which had been originally efta- 
blilhed by an aft of common-council, was found.fo be¬ 
neficial, that an aft of parliament was obtained in the firft 
year of king James’s reign, to confirm the power and ju- 
rifdiftion of it. 
In the year 1605, James granted the citizens his firft 
-charter, by which he recognized all their ancient rights 
.and privileges, and alfo adjufted the difputes which had 
frequently taken place between the corporation and the 
lieutenant of the Tower, refpefting the metage of coals, 
&c. which the latter claimed as his right; but the king, 
by this charter, finally determined that it was veiled in 
the corporation of London. For the biftory of the gun¬ 
powder-plot, which occurred this year, fee the article Eng¬ 
land, vol. vi. p. 662, 3. 
On the 3d of July, 1606, his majefty paid a debt of 
fixty thouiand pounds, contrafted by queen Elizabeth, 
who had borrowed that fum of the citizens of London, 
and left it unpaid at her deceafe. But in the following 
May, the king, wanting money, applied to the citizens, 
who readily advanced him the fum of (ixty-three thoufand 
pounds. In acknowledgment for this favour, his majefty 
loon after granted the citizens a fecond charter ; by which, 
he not only confirmed their ancient rights, liberties, and 
immunities, in the molt ample manner, but alfo added the 
preciufts of Duke's Place, St. Bartholomew’s the Great 
and Lefs, Black and White Friars, and Cold-harbour, to 
the bounds of the city, and jurifdiftion thereof. 
Vol. XIII. No. 89®. 
In the year 1609,1ns majefty offered the whole province 
of Ullfer, in Ireland, to the citizens of London, on con¬ 
dition that they would engage to fettle an Englilh colony 
there; which offer being accepted, the common-council 
palled an aft to raife twenty thouiand pounds, to carry the 
defigu into execution; and a committee was appointed, 
of fix aldermen and eight commoners (fince increafed to 
twenty ), to be annually chofen for the government thereof. 
The cultivation of this province went on with fuch ra¬ 
pidity, that, in the year 1616, two capital towns were co¬ 
lonized, by the names of Londonderry and Coleraine ; the 
firft of which the king formed into a city, and the latter 
into a corporate town, under a mayor. Soon after which, 
by a fpecial com million from the king and the city of 
London, fir Peter Proby, alderman of London, and go¬ 
vernor of the colony, attended by feveral principal citi¬ 
zens, went over to Ireland, and prefented each df the be¬ 
fore-mentioned places with a rich fword of Hate, to be 
carried before their chief magiffrates. 
The bringing of the New River to London was effected 
in the year 1613. See Canal Navigation, vol. iii. 
p. 675. It appeared at firft a molt doubtful undertaking; 
but was brought at laft to the entire completion of the 
willies of the parties concerned, and of the whole city, to 
the wholefomenefs and cleanlinefs of which it highly con¬ 
tributed. The account is interefting to every one, and 
particularly to thofe who benefit by it; and we will give 
it in the vei'y words of Stow : 
“ The worke began the 20 day of February, An. Dorn. 
1608; and in five yeers fpace was fully accompliihed. 
Concerning the conveyance of it along to London, from 
Chadwell and Amwell, I myfelfe (by favour of the gen¬ 
tlemen) did divers times ride to fee it, and diligently ob- 
ferved that admirable art, paines, and induftry, were be¬ 
llowed for the paflage of it, by reafon that all grounds 
are not of a like nature, fome being ozie and very muddy, 
others againe as ftiffe, craggy, and (tony. 
“The depth of the trench, in fome places, defcended 
full thirty foot, if not more; whereas in other places it 
required a fprightfull art againe, to mount it over a val¬ 
ley in a trough, betweenecoupleof hills ; and the trough all 
the while borne up by wooden arches, fome of them fixed 
in the ground very deepe,and riling in heightabove 23 foot. 
“Being brought to the intended cifterne, but not (ns 
yet) the water admitted entrance thereinto, on Michael- 
made day, in anno 1613, being the day when fir Thomas 
Middleton, knt. (brother to the faid fir Hugh Middleton) 
was elefted lord-mayor of London for the yeare enfuing ; 
in the afternoon of the fame day, fir John Swinerton, knt. 
and lord-mayor of London, accompanied with the laid 
fir Thomas, fir Henry Montague, knight, and recorder of 
London, and many of the worthy aldermen, rode to fe® 
the cifterne, and firft iffuing of the river thereinto; which 
was performed in this manner: A troope of labourers, to 
the number of 60 or more, well apparelled and wearing 
greene Monmouth caps, all alike, carryed fpaies, Ihovels, 
pickaxes, and fuch-like inltruments of laborious employ, 
ment, marching after drummers, twice or thrice about the 
cifterne, prefented them (elves before the mount, where 
the lord-mayor, aldermen, and a worthy company befide, 
flood to behold them ; and one man, in behaife of all the 
reft, delivered this fpeech: 
“ Long have we labour’d, long defir’d and pray’d 
For this great work’s perfection : and, by th’ayd. 
Of Heaven and good men’s wilhes, ’tis at length 
Hapily conquer’d by colt, art, and llrength. 
And, after five yeeres deare expence in dayes 
Travaile and paines, befides th’infinite wayes- 
Of malice, envie, falfe fuggeftions. 
Able to daunt the fpirits of mighty ones 
In wealth and courage; this, a worke, fo rare; 
Only by one man’s indultrie, coft, and care. 
Is brought to bleit effect, fo much withffood ; 
His one!}' ayme, the city’s gen’rall good, 
& And 
