l(j6 LON 
line. In every attack, whether made by the French or 
the Auftrians, with the arms or the bayonet, the latter 
had rather the advantage. But Bonaparte, concentrating 
almoft the whole of his artillery, battered one fmgle point 
of the Auftrian line towards the centre, as if it had been 
a fortrefs. To this tremendous thunder there was nothing 
of the fame kind to oppofe. The Auftrian artillery, as 
juft obferved, was placed at the two extremities of the 
line. The centre of the Auftrians was driven back two 
or three miles out of the line : the right wing, alarmed at 
the danger in which it was now placed, gave way, but 
fought while it retreated. So alio did the left, which 
was attacked in flank by marfhal Davouft. The Auftrians, 
thus routed in all quarters, retreated towards Moravia. 
It was obferved in the French bulletins, that, in thedeci- 
five and ever-mtmomb\e battle of Wagram, from 3 10400,000 
men, with from 11 to 1500 pieces of cannon, contended for 
grand interefts, on a field of battle chofen on the molt ma¬ 
ture deliberation, and fortified more and more by the Auf¬ 
trians for feveral months. In this battle the French took 
40,000 prifoners, among whom were nearly 400 officers. 
The field of battle was covered with dead bodies. On 
the whole, the official accounts of the French calculated 
that the battle of Wagram had reduced the Auftrian army 
to 60,000 men. 
After the battle of Wagram, all ferious thoughts of re¬ 
finance to Bonaparte were given up. Propofals for an ar- 
miftice were carried from the emperor Francis to Bona¬ 
parte, by prince John of Lichtenftein, on the 12th of July, 
which was agreed to, and ligned immediately. All the 
ftrong places and pofitions which might be advantageous 
to the French, in cafe of the war being renewed, were deli¬ 
vered up to them; and by one article it was exprefsly 
ftipulate'd that the Auftrians were not to afford any fuc- 
cour or affiftanceto the inhabitants of the Tyrol and Voral- 
berg, who were to remain under the government of Ba¬ 
varia. 
Thearmiftice between Auftria and France was followed 
by a definitive treaty of peace, three months afterwards. 
By tl'.is treaty, which was dated at Vienna, Offober 14, 
3809, Auftria ceded all her fea-coaft to France ; and the 
kingdoms of Bavaria and Saxony were fo much farther en¬ 
larged as to become efficient checks on the future growth 
of the power of Auftria, and thereby to confine her with¬ 
in the limits which Bonaparte had afligned her. Ruffia 
obtained fo much of the territory of Galicia as (hould 
contain four hundred thoufand fouls. The emperor 
Francis agreed to acknowledge Jofeph Bonaparte as king 
of Spain. 
In the beginning of June, fir John Stewart, who com¬ 
manded the Britifh army in Sicily, embarked with 15,000 
Britiih troops for the South of Italy and the capture of 
the city of Naples; and he was foon afterwards joined by 
a body of Sicilian troops, under the command of one of 
the royal princes. A brigade was difpatched by the Bri- 
•tiHi general to reduce Lower Calabria, and afterwards to 
join him over land. This brigade took poffelfion of the 
line of polls which the French had formed direffly oppo- 
fite Meilina, and of which therefore it was of confiderable 
importance to deprive them. But the firft point to be at¬ 
tacked by the main army was the island of Ifchia. The 
batteries, by which the Shores of this ifland were fortified 
wherever acceflible, were turned by the Britiih troops, 
and iucceffively deferred by the enemy, who retired into 
the caltie : on the 6th day after which, the French gar- 
rifons of both Ifchia ana* Procida l'urrendered to the 
Britiih. The reduction of Procida led to the de- 
ItruCtion or capture of forty heavy gun-boats in then- 
attempt to pafs in their voyage from Gaeta to Naples. 
By the capture of the two garfifons and part of the flotilla, 
1500 regular troops were made prifoners, and 100 pieces 
of ordnance were taken. 
The Neapolitans were led, by the proclamations of fir 
J. Stewart, to believe, that the principal objeft of the ex¬ 
pedition was to re-eltabiifh Ferdinand IV. on the throne 
d o N; 
of Naples : but fir Jollrt, in his official difpatches, difcd* 
vered that his leading and paramount objeCt was a diverfion 
in favour of our Auftrian allies. This object was accom- 
pliflied in fome fmall degree, and for a fhort time; for, on 
the firft appearance of the Englifh on the coaft of Naples, 
a confiderable body of men, who had been fent to rein¬ 
force the army under the command of the viceroy in Up¬ 
per Italy, were recalled, as well as the whole of the troops, 
who, after the dethronement of the pope, had taken 
pofleflion of the papal territories. But it was foon found 
that tire projefted attempt on the territory and city of Na¬ 
ples muft be abandoned ; for king Joachim had formed 
and embodied a large corps of national guards, befides the 
great regular force which he had afl'embled for the protec¬ 
tion of his dominions and capital. After a good deal of 
fighting for the poffelfion of the cattle of Scylla, which 
was taken and retaken feveral times, the Britiih were 
forced to abandon the flight footing they had obtained on 
the continent, as well as the two islands. 
Another expedition, and one of a more formidable na¬ 
ture, was prepared by the Britiih government to invade 
the dominions or France in Holland, partly with a view 
to the attainment of Britiih objeCfs, but collaterally for the 
purpofe of operating, as well as that from Sicily, as a di¬ 
verfion in favour of the Auftrians. Preparations began to 
be made early in May. Towards the end of July, troops 
were collected to upwards of 40,000 men, lupported by 
the powerful aid of 39 lad of the line, befides 36 frigates, 
and a great number of gun-boats, bombs, and fmall craft. 
The prefent age bad not witneffed fo numerous a body of 
Britifh foldiers, marines, and failors, affembled for the 
purpofe of invading the continent. The number of the 
whole amounted to about 100,000 men. The expecta¬ 
tions of the nation were htifed to the higheft pitch. The 
fleet, while it lay in, or was leaving, the Downs, was a 
fpeCtacle grateful to the pride, and flattering to the hopes, 
of Britain. Dover, Dtal, RamSgate,and Margate, were full I 
of visitors, of perl'ons of the molt refpeCtable claffes of 
both (exes, come to fee the failing of this great armament. 
Among thefe was lord Caftlereagh, accompanied by his 
lady and a number of his particular friends, contem¬ 
plating with delight a work of his own creation, from the 
liiccefs of which much glory was anticipated. There was 
another visitor alfo, who attracted much notice by the 
pomp of his appearance, or what may be called his equi¬ 
page : this was fir William Curtis, bart. an alderman of 
London, who was wafted to the Downs in a yacht, either 
of his own, or hired for the purpofe, or borrowed, beau¬ 
tifully painted, adorned with a ftreamer bearing devices 
prognofticating victory and glory, and carrying delicate 
refreshments of all kinds to the principal officers, military 
and naval. 
The objedt of the expedition was “the occupation of 
Flushing, and the deftrudtiou of the French Ships of war, 
arSenals, and dock-yards, in the Scheldt.” This, it was 
thought, might be accomplished, by fo overwhelming a 
force, with fo little difficulty, that the command of the 
army was entrufted to the earl of Chatham, a man re¬ 
puted to polfel's an excellent understanding, but whofe 
very name was almoft proverbial for enervation and indo¬ 
lence. The naval part of the expedition was placed un¬ 
der the orders of fir Richard Strachan. 
On the 28th and 29th of July, the armament failed in 
two divisions. On the arrival ot the army in the islands 
of Walcheren and South Beveland, it was found that the 
enemy was not difpofed to make any refiftance except ..t 
Flushing, which was inveSied on the ilt of August. On 
the 13th, the batteries were completed ; and, the frigates 
and Smaller vefl'els having taken their rcfpeCiive Stations, 
the bombardment immediately commenced. The town 
fuffered dreadfully, especially from Congreve’s rockets. 
On the 14th of August, the line-ot-battle lliips cannon¬ 
aded the town for Some hours. The enemy’s fire ceafed. 
On the 15th, general Monnet, who commanded the gar¬ 
rison of Flushing, demanded a S'ufpenSion of arms, which 
was 
