1<}8 
LONDON. 
aid-de-camp that the inhabitants were firing at immenfe 
numbers of wild pigeons that were flying over the walls, 
but that they fhould inltantly be flopped !” 
In North America, the embargo-act was repealed by one 
prohibiting all intercourfe either with France or Great 
Britain ; but, in cafe either France or England fliould fo 
revoke or modify her edifts, as that they fliould ceafe to 
violate theneutral commerce of the United States, the trade 
fufpended might be renewed with the nation fo doing. 
A treaty for refloring amity and commerce between Great 
Britain and America, after a good deal of negotiation, 
was figned by Mr. David Erfkine, envoy and minifter ple¬ 
nipotentiary from London ; and American veflelsin great 
numbers poured into the ports of England. But the pro¬ 
ceedings of Mr. Eifkine were difavowed, as altogether ex¬ 
ceeding his powers, by the Britifh government. No lofs, 
however, was buffered to accrue to the American mer¬ 
chants or captains of (hips who had proceeded to Eng¬ 
land under the idea that Mr. Erfkine had clearly under- 
ftood the object of his million, and the terms on which he 
was authorized to conclude a treaty of amity and commerce. 
During tiie haft three months of 1809, the affairs of Eu¬ 
rope were not regarded by the people of England with 
much intereft or concern, at leaft not with any emotions 
that might render them objects of pleafing and voluntary 
attention. Aultria was completely fubdued. The Bri¬ 
tifh army had been in part withdrawn, or in part lay lan- 
guifhing in the peftilential marfhes of Holland. Battles 
had been gained in Spain, but the objects of the campaign 
had been loft. In a word, the war on the continent had 
ceafed either to feed our hopes or amufe our leifure. In 
thefe circumftances, the legiflative affembly of France was 
convened on the 3d of December; when Bonaparte dated, 
with his ufual brevity, the conquefts he had made fince 
their laft adjournment, and what had been done, and was 
further intended, for the good of the empire. Among 
other particulars he obferved, that three months had leen 
the origin and the refult of this fourth punic war. That 
the genius of Fiance had conducted the army of England, 
which had terminated its projects in the marfhes of Wal- 
cheren. The conqueft of the Illyrian provinces had ex¬ 
tended the limits of his great empire as far as the river 
Save; by which means he was enabled to watch over his 
commercial interefts in the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, 
and the Levant; and to protect or to punifh the Ottoman 
Porte according to the relations it fliould maintain with 
England. Intimation was given of an intended change 
in Holland, by which it would become a part of the French 
empire, “ to which indeed it naturally belonged, as it was 
nothing elle than an alluvion of the Rhine, the Meufe, 
and the Scheldt, the great arteries ©f the empire.” 
Towards the clofe of the year, a grand meeting of Bo¬ 
naparte’s brothers, and other relatives, princes and prin- 
cefl'es, and vaffal kings, began to difcover a fecret article 
in the treaty of Vienna. To this meeting Bonaparte re- 
prefented the necefiity of providing an heir to that throne 
on which Providence had placed him. For this purpofe 
his prefent marriage mult be diftoived ; and that which 
had been for fifteen years a fource of happinefs to him, he 
nuift facrifice to the welfare of France. Still his prefent 
contort fliould hold the rank of anemprefs, and be treated 
by him as his belt and deareit friend. Jofephine returned 
her thanks to him for his generous goodnefs in exalting 
her to a throne, expreffed her confent to a meafure necel- 
fary for the country, and declared that Ihe fliould always 
look to him as her great benefaflor and belt friend, and exult 
in the facrifice thus made of their mutual affections. A 
note was taken of the whole tranfailion, iigned by Napo¬ 
leon, Jofephine, and all the kings, queens, princes, and prin- 
ceffes, prefent; and on the 16th of December it was laid 
before the fenate, which agreed that the marriage fliould 
be diffolved, the title of emprefs-queen be retained, an 
annual revenue of two millions of francs accompanying it. 
The lofs of Pomerania and Finland, the fevere diftrefs 
in which the Swedifh nation yvas involved by the war with 
the overwhelming power of Ruffia, aggravated by the ra¬ 
vages of a contagious diltemper, and the knowledge of 
the army that it was the fixed purpofe of the king, not¬ 
withstanding the armiftioe of November 1808, to renew a 
war, altogether hopeiefs and defperate, with Ruflla, hacked 
by France ; (fee p. 184.)—thefe circumftances naturally 
and almoft neceflariiy led to the depofition of the king, 
which took place on the 13th of March. This is one of 
the leaft, if not the very leaft, violent of political revolu¬ 
tions that we meet with in hiftory : it was effected with¬ 
out the lofs of a Angle life. The duke of Sudermania, the 
king’s uncle, affumed the government under the title of 
regent, and was afterwards chofen by the ftates king, in 
the room of his nephew. This unfortunate monarch is 
now an exile with his family, for even his fon is declared 
unfit to reign. However we may lament that he fhouid 
engage in a conteft to which he was by no means equal, 
we mult in jultice oblerve, that, from the very beginning 
of Bonaparte’s career, Guftavus was ever his molt refolute 
opponent; and, had the other continental powers adled 
with the fame undeviating firninefs, and flood by each 
other, (of which they have juft now found out the necef- 
flty,) the difgrace of the emperor Napoleon would not 
have been deterred till the year 1813 ; nor would a French 
adventurer have been declared heir to the Swedifh crown. 
—-Though Guftavus had been dethroned for perfitting in 
an unequal conteft againft Ruflla and France, (till the new 
king declared his determination not to confent to any 
peace with Ruflla that lhould be difgraceful to Sweden, or 
oblige her to take up arms againft her faithful ally Great 
Britain. The war between Ruflla and Sweden was ac¬ 
cordingly renewed. The courage and gallantry of the 
brave Swedes were oppofed in vain to the courage and the 
numbers of the Ruffians. Peace between Sweden and 
Ruflla, purchafed'by great facrifices of territory on the 
part of the former, was concluded on the 17th of Septem¬ 
ber. Peace was alfo concluded between Sweden and 
France, but not till the 6th January 1810. By this, Swed¬ 
ifli Pomerania, with the principality of Riigen, and their 
dependencies, were reftored to Sweden. The former com¬ 
mercial relations between the two countries were reftored. 
France was to have the right of eftablifhing an emporium 
at Gothenburg. The king of Sweden promifed to adopt 
the continental fyltem, and to exclude from his ports the 
Englifli commerce. The treaty was declared to be com¬ 
mon to their majefties, the kings of Spain and the Indies, 
of the two Sicilies, and of Holland, and to the Confedera¬ 
tion of the Rhine. 
About this time was publifhed a lift containing the ti¬ 
tles beftowed upon the family of Bonaparte, and upon his 
principal generals, favourites, and courtiers. This will be 
found extremely ufeful for the ready underftanding of the 
London newfpapers in their accounts relating to France, 
fince the proper names have yielded to the dignified deno¬ 
minations. It is remarkable that moll of the dukedoms 
are fituated in Italy, where the titled marfirals have little 
chance ever to fettle their ennobled families; and that no 
part of the French territory has ever been aftigned as ail 
apanage to any of Napoleon’s friends and co-operators ; as 
if he could call every part of Europe his own, except the 
very kingdom which he is in poffefiion of. 
Emperor of Erance,King of Italy,&c. 
King of Spain. 
King of Holland. 
King of Weftphalia. 
Princefs Borghefe. 
Grand Duchds of Florence. 
Napoleon - 
Jofeph Bonaparte 
Louis Bonaparte 
Jerome Bonaparte 
Paulina Bonaparte 
Eliza Bonaparte - 
Eugene Beauharnois, ? fT , 
ftep-lou to Napoleon 5 VlCero )' ofIta ^- 
Infant daughter of do. Princefs of Bologna. 
Joachim Murat, bro- ? v . f - T , 
Uteri nlaw to Napoleon i mgo apes. 
Cardinal Fefch, uncle ? Archbp. of Lyons, and Primate of 
to Napoleon 5 the Confederation of the Rhine. 
Charles Theodore - King of Bavaria, 
Frederic 
