£34 LON 
his gigantic power from the Alps to the Pyrenees, from 
Amfterdam to the Mediterranean Sea, Bonaparte thought 
of fecuring his fituation on the throne. 
Count Semonville, who brought up the report of the 
Senatvs Confultum for the annexation of Holland, the Haufe 
Towns, and the Valais, to France, faid, “ At length, after 
a ftruggle, glorious for France, of ten years, the moll ex¬ 
traordinary genius that ever nature in her munificence 
produced, has re-united, and held in his triumphant hands, 
the fcattered wrecks of the empire of Charlemagne.” It 
was alfo mentioned, that “the new departments had ac¬ 
quired rights to contribute to the military confcription; 
and that confequently the contingent to be furniflied by 
each department would be confiderably lefs than it had been 
for fome years.” Amfterdam was to rank as the third 
city in the' French empire. Paris was the firft; the fecond 
Rome. In the annual ftatement prefented to the emperor 
for the year 1811, the whole population of the French 
empire, before the annexation of Rome, Holland, the 
Valais, and the Hanfe Towns, amounted to 38,080,443 
perfons, without reckoning the military actually bearing 
arms. It was, after that annexation, computed at about 
43,000,000. 
The deflorate of Hanover was annexed to the kingdom 
of Weftphalia: it was divided into three departments, and 
the name of Hanover abolifhed. The French confcription- 
■laws were alfo introduced into the kingdom of Naples, and 
into part of Denmark. A corps of French marched to 
Rubec : the peninfula of Jutland was completely ifolated, 
and wholly at the mercy of France. By a royal decree, 
.the Jews were to be included in all military levies in Den¬ 
mark. A cenfus was taken throughout the grand duchy 
of War fa w ; a prelude to the eftablifhment of the con- 
fcription-law in that country- 
An imperial decree was iffued in December for reftrain- 
ing the liberty of the prefs. In its provilions it was ex¬ 
tremely minute, confiding of not fewer than fifty-one ar¬ 
ticles ; among the mod eil'ential of which were the fol¬ 
lowing:—Article 1. There fliall be a direftor-general, un¬ 
der the orders of the minifter of the interior, charged with 
the fuperintendance of every thing relating to the print¬ 
ing and publication of books. 2. From the firft of January, 
18x1, the number of printers in each department fhall be 
fixed, and that of the printers in Paris reduced to fixty. 
10. It is prohibited to print, or caufe to be printed, any¬ 
thing contrary to the duty which the fubjefts owe to the 
fovereign, or to the interefts of the date. 12. The printer 
fhall tranfmit to the direCtor-general of the printing and 
bookfelling bufinefs, a copy of the manufcripts in his 
hands, and alfo one to the prefect of the department to 
which he belongs. 15. When the direCtor-general inhi¬ 
bits the printing of any work, he (hall fend a copy of it 
to a cenfor, chofen from a number of perfons to be named 
for that office by the emperor. 16. On the report of the 
cenfor, the direttor-general may point out to the author 
fuch alterations or erafures as may be thought proper. If 
he fnould refufe to agree to thefe, the fale of the work to 
be inhibited, the forms to be broken, and poffeffion taken 
of the (beets or copies printed. 30. Warrants to be deli¬ 
vered to bookfellers on or after the firft of January, 1S11, 
on their taking the prefcribed oath, by the dire< 5 tor-gene- 
ral of the prefs, fubmitted to the approbation of the mi¬ 
nifter of the interior. 33. Warrants not tp be granted to 
any other perfons wifhing to fet up the bufinefs of a book- 
feller, than fuch as fhould have recommended themfelves 
by good lives and good morals, and alfo by an attachment 
to their country and to their fovereign. 38. When books 
are allowed to be published, a copy of each, or the firft 
volume, (hall be marked with a ftam.p at the provifory 
depot, and the books (hall be returned from thence to the 
proprietor.—Never, perhaps, was the importance of the 
printing prefs foemphatically illuftrated as by this decree 
of the tyrant of France. ,, 
Next to the defire of maintaining internal tranquillity, 
srid preventing all attempts again!!; either his government 
DON. 
or life,’that of ruining the English commerce appears to. 
have been in the mind of Bonaparte the ftrongelt. Not 
only were military governors appointed at the ports of the 
maritime coafts of Germany annexed to France,-but at 
Dantzic, Colberg, and forne other places, -,ve believe, in 
Pruflia, for preventing the introduction of Englifh goods 
and colonial produce. A very great number of French 
troops, at the head of which was general Raupe, was fta- 
tioned in Dantzic : this was the head-quarters of the army 
at war wi.th commerce. The Englifh goods feized in the 
Hanfe Towns and the ports of Prulfia, brought eight or 
nine millions fterlir.g into the French exchequer. In 
Weftphalia, a line of French cuftom-houfes extended from 
Rees to Bremen. The hatred o 1 ’ Englifh merchandife be¬ 
came at length ftronger than the delire of improving the 
French finances. All Englilh merchandife, whether taken 
at fea or land, was ordered to be burnt. The decrees, 
firft for feizing, and laftly for burning, Englifh merchan¬ 
dife, were carried into execution with great rigour, in the 
Hanfe Tow ns, in France, Italy, Germany, Prufiia, Swif- 
ferland, and Denmark. The zeal of his Danifh majefty, 
in this bufinefs, was fignalized by a feverity that feemed 
to outrun even that of Bonaparte: to hold any intercourfe 
with England was made felony in the captain of a fliip, 
who was accordingly liable to be punifheci with death, 
and the owner of the fliip was to be branded. Bv an im¬ 
perial decree, punifhments of different kinds and degrees 
were denounced againft all who fhould be concerned in 
Englifh merchandife, from captains of {hips to common 
porters. We have a picture of the rigour with which the 
anti-commercial decrees of Bonaparte were enforced, in a 
letter, dated at Frankfort, November 1, and received in 
London November 16. “ The gates of the town have 
been (hut, and domiciliary vifits made to molt of the mer¬ 
cantile houfes in the city, in order to ftize every kind of 
Englifh an.' colonial goods ” The emperor, as (ome re¬ 
lief to his own iiibjefts, granted licenies to certain indi¬ 
viduals, both for exportation and importation of certain 
articles, on certain conditions. But fuch licenfes were 
not to be figned by any of his minifters ; they mult be 
figneJ by himfelf. His autograph confided in the three 
firft letters of his name, [Nap .2 fantaftically written. He 
repealed, nominally, the decrees of Berlin and Milan, as 
far as related to America ; but he impofed fuch a duty on 
the importation of colonial produce as amounted nearly to 
a prohibition; while, at the fame time, he continued to 
feize occafionally, and fequeftrate, American vefiels as 
ufual. 
The affairs of Sweden will naturally be looked for un¬ 
der that article ; yet, as the events which took place in 
that kingdom are intimately connected with the general 
fituation of the continent at the moment of which we are 
taking notice, we muff give a flight fketch of them to 
prevent a chafm in our annals. They, befides, affeCted 
the trade of this country, and confequently the metro¬ 
polis was interetted in their iffue.—The advanced age of 
the duke of Sudermania, who had afeended the throne 
under the title of Charles XIII. and who had not any 
children, admoniflied this prince, as well as the ftates of 
Sweden, of the neceflity there was of electing a fucceffor. 
The choice of the ftates fell on the perfon propofed by 
the new king, Charles-Auguftus prince of Auguitenburg, 
a fubjeft of the king of Denmark. This prince, on the 
24th of January, ,1810, repaired to Stockholm, where he 
took the oaths of fidelity, and received the homage of 
the ftates. But he did not live long to enjoy his new 
dignity. On the 29th of May, while he was reviewing 
fome regiments of cavalry, he was fuddenly feized with a 
fit of ficknefs, and, having fallen from his horfe, foon ex¬ 
pired. On the 20th of June, great crowds were affeinbied 
in the ftreets of Stockholm, to fee the funeral proceflion. 
Count Ferfen, who, in virtue or his office of high marfbal, 
led the proceflion, in a coach drawn by fix horles, was af- 
failed with hiding and hooting; and a volley of ftones was 
thrown at the carriage, one of which ftruck him in the 
3 face 
