536 LON 
ing ami wandering life, arrived in England, under the title 
of. Count Gottorp. The particular object of this vifit has 
not tranfp'ired, though it may eafily be divined. He was 
received with due fympathy, honour, and regard, by the 
court, the government,- and the nation. He avoided all 
Slate, declined to accept the offer of pecuniary aid, and 
lived, for the fhort time he remained in this country, 
as a private gentleman. He left London, March 26, 
1811, for Yarmouth, and proceeded from thence to He¬ 
ligoland on-board a Britifh frigate. We underhand 
that he is now living privately in fome obfcure part of 
Germany, where he forgets perhaps the lofs of a crown 
in the enjoyment of free and tranquil retirement.—Guf- 
tavus Adolphus was an heroic prince in a corrupt age; 
pofieffed of all the virtues except prudence; for, vvith- 
-out dilcretion, heroifrn itfelf is but a fplendid mad- 
nefs; though it feeins ftrange to affirm, that what 
would be virtue in an heroic, that is a virtuous, age, 
ceafes to be virtue in an age not heroic and not virtu¬ 
ous. We have before obferved, that, if all the fovereign 
princes of Europe had aided like the king of Sweden, the 
ancient thrones would have been preferved, and public 
law, the law of nature and nations, ftill refpefted. Yet it 
mult be admitted that his dethronement was an ad of ne- 
ceffity. Like his renowned predeceflor Charles XII. and 
his father Guftavus III. he was more concerned for per¬ 
sonal glory than for the good of his Subjects. But the 
deliberate choice, by all the orders of the Hate, of Berna¬ 
dette, to the exclufion of all the royal family from the 
Succeffion to the crown, was (though it is at this moment 
unfalhionable to fay fo) an indelible ftain on the Swedilh 
nation ; and, above all, on the duke of Sudermania. 
So much for the Swedes.—The Danes were in the mean 
time employed with great activity in fitting out frigates 
and gun-boats for annoying our trade in the Baltic; and 
which annoyance they purfued with great courage as well 
as affiduity, and no Small fucceSs.—In the beginning of 
July, Murat, the Napolean king of Naples, threatened an 
invafion of Sicily ; but the Blue was, that, on the 3d of Oc¬ 
tober, he proclaimed to his foldiers, “ that the expedi¬ 
tion to Sicily was adjourned.”—Meanwhile the Turks and 
Ruffians were carrying on war with an infatuation which 
would fcarcely appear credible to pofterity, if there were 
r.ot fimilar inltances of folly in hiftory, both ancient and 
modern. Their whole faculties teemed to be abforbed 
in mutual lioftility and rage. They feem never fo much 
as once to have bellowed a ferious thought on the tre¬ 
mendous power that hovered over them, ready to pounce 
on one cr both, when they ffiould be fufficiently debili¬ 
tated by their mad conflicts. 
Some farther efforts were made this year to procure peace 
with America. Inflead of Mr. Ertkine, who was recalled on 
account of his being faid to have aided contrary to his in- 
ftruftions,Mr. Jackl'on was Sent: but Mr. JackSon was per¬ 
sonally difliked by the American people 5 and his behaviour 
was not at all conciliating. His unaccommodating firmneSs 
was contracted with the amiablepliancy of Mr. Ertkine ; and 
jt Served the political views of the American minilters to 
nourifh the popular prejudice againft him. It was not to 
he expeded that, in Such circumltances, he ffiould Succeed 
in his negotiation : from Subsequent information it is now 
known to have been abfolutely impoffible, upon the terms 
of his inttructions. It could not, however, be forefeen 
that his million would terminate, as it did, in the fufpen- 
fion of all official communication between him and the 
government to which he was deputed. 
The Britifh government confidered the tranfaftion be¬ 
tween the United .States and Mr. Ertkine as terminated 
by the formal and public difavowal of the envoy’s autho¬ 
rity to do what he had done ; and Mr. Jackfon was directed 
to take the bufmefs up-where the difavowal had left it, 
and to proceed on the terms which were anew preferibed 
to him. But the preiident thought proper to call repeatedly 
on Mr. Jackfon for an explanation of the difavowal. This 
gentleman declared, that the difavowal was cccafioned by 
DON. 
Mr. Erlkine’s deviations from his inltrudions. He Cook 
occafion, at the fame time, to contradict a ftirmife that 
Mr. Ertkine had other inttructions befides thofe that were 
laid before parliament, and had been communicated. Un¬ 
fortunately for Mr. Jackfon, he difeovered that Mr. Ertkine 
had fo far adhered to his inttructions, as to propofe to the 
acceptance of the American minuter the conditions con¬ 
tained in them ; and that it was owing only to his fubfe- 
quent relinquiffiment of them that all the embarraifments 
arofe. The Americans therefore had no right to exprefs 
fo much tbrprife at the agreement not being approved in 
England. But Mr. Jackfon, who did not fcruple to fay 
So, was told that he had inSulted the government, and that 
no farther communication would be received from him. 
It was afferted that he had reproached tire American go¬ 
vernment with knowing, at the time of their making the 
agreement with Mr. Ertkine, that he was exceeding his 
powers. The Britiffi minilter was expofed to repeated 
infnlts; arid nothing but the utmott prudence on his part 
could have averted the mott ferious perfonal danger. The 
official account of thefe tranfactions was brought to Eng¬ 
land by the Secretary of the Britiffi legation. And Mr. 
Pinkney, the American refident at London, in cOnfequence 
of the orders he had received, demanded the recall of Mr. 
Jackfon ; which was, without hefitation, acceded to. Mar¬ 
quis Welletley, the Britiffi Secretary of Hate, told the 
American minilter, “that his majefty was always difpofed 
to pay the utmoft attention to the wiffies and Sentiments 
of ltates in amity with him, and had therefore been pleafed 
to direct the return of Mr. Jackfon to England; but his 
majefiy had not marked with any expreffion of his dif- 
pleafure the conduct of Mr. JackSon, whofe integrity, 
zeal, and ability, had long been diftinguiffied in his ma- 
jefty’s Service;” and who did not appear, on the prefent 
occafion, to have committed any intentional offence againft 
the government of the United States. 
Thus ended the third attempt that was made, by the 
Britifh government, to accommodate thofe differences with 
the United States w-hich had arifen out of the peculiar 
maritime Situations of the two countries, and the unfor¬ 
tunate rencontre which, in the year 1807, occurred between 
two of their fhips of war. And it is to be apprehended that, 
without a departure of one of the two parties from their 
refpedive tenets, no permanent adjuftment of their views, 
at lealt if the war continues, can be expeded. The Sur¬ 
render of the right of taking our Seamen by force out of 
American fhips is, among other things, exprefsly refufed 
by the Britifh government; and it has been as perempto¬ 
rily declared by the Americans, that, without that Sur¬ 
render, no treaty can ever be agreed to. Let us, how¬ 
ever, hope better things from the prefent conferences at 
Gottenburgh. Let us hope that we may be able to clofe 
this article by a declaration of peace, not with America 
only, but with Europe alfo. 
In Such a confiid, however, as that which exifls at pre¬ 
sent between Great Britain and the United States, the par¬ 
ty with the Smalleft capital, and the f'eweft channels of 
induftry and enterprise, mult, for a time at leaft, be the 
greateft Sufferer: and, if the unfeerr.ly policy of reftric- 
tions, embargoes, and commercial holtility, be perfevered 
in, a commercial intercourfe with America is not So effen- 
tially neceilary to Great Britain as to render it advifable 
to purchafe it by the Sacrifice of any other branch of our 
national policy. It is certain that, before the general 
maritime commerce of the United States became circum¬ 
scribed by the meafures adopted by them in 1S07, their 
markets were of very great importance to the Britiffi trade, 
both for the fale of a large proportion of Britifh manufac¬ 
tures, and for the purchafe of many neceflary articles of 
Supply for our own consumption, which could not then 
be procured elfewhere. The embargo and the ads which 
grew out of it rendered it neceflary to obtain from other 
fources the articles in queflion, and to Send through other 
channels thofe furnifhed by our manufactures. Canada 
has, in conference, rifen to a degree of importance and 
prosperity 
