LONDON. 
profperity altogether unexampled. In 1S10, upwards of 
Coo fall of (hips arrived at Quebec for timber 5 and Saw¬ 
mills every-where Sprang up, worked by (team-engines. 
Our navy is {'applied with her timber; our We(t-India 
i(lands with her lumber; large and every-year-increafing 
quantities of corn, the growth both of the Upper Province 
and of the (fates bordering upon the Lakes and the river 
St. Lawrence, fupply the deficiency of what had before 
been obtained from New York, Philadelphia, and the 
towns Situated within the Virginian Cape. On the other 
hand, we are now the carriers of our own manufactures to 
places where they had before been fent under the protec¬ 
tion of the American flag, and through the lucrative agency 
of American commilfioners. A very general belief had 
been feduloufly propagated, by thofe perfons who are in- 
terelted in the trade with the United States, that the fai¬ 
lure of their market would inflict a deadly Mow on our 
manufacturing interefts. The aflertion was fpecious, and 
not without fome apparent foundation ; but, befides that 
it has been difpraved by the event, the contradiction of it 
is Satisfactorily explained by this circumftance, that, of the 
whole amount of Britifli manufactures at any time fent to 
the United States, only a fmall portion was confumed in 
that country : by far the largeft part was_re-exported, with 
the accumulated profits of duties, commiflion, and freight, 
accruing to the American treafury, merchant, and (hip- 
owner. Thefe profits have been willingly, but we mud 
think unvvifely, relinquiflied by America, although it is 
not for 11s to quarrel with her policy, fince they are thrown 
by it into Britifli hands. We have the belt official au¬ 
thority, the returns of our own cuKom-houfe and thofe 
of the American treafury, for afierting, that the Britifli ma¬ 
nufactures, exported to the ifland of Jamaica alone, exceed, 
by one million (terling, the greateft amount of annual ex¬ 
portation that was ever fent to the United States. The 
lofs then of our trade to thofe Kates, even if it were not 
counterbalanced by the acquifition of markets in other 
quarters, would be reduced to the amount of our manu¬ 
factures actually confumed in them, deducing from that 
amount always the quantity that mult, of neceflity, he 
conveyed there in fpite of all reitriftions and prohibitions 
whatfoever. If, then, this lofs would not greatly affect 
the general balance of our trade, (till lefs can it be put in 
competition with the advantage of maintaining unimpaired 
thofe principles of general policy which the dignity and 
the interelts of the empire have fuggefted. 
This year, the ftar of Great Britain (hone on our naval 
and colonial affairs with even more than its ufual benignity. 
In the Mediterranean, the foitrefs and i(le of-St. Maura, 
the ancient Leucadia, not far from Cephalonia, in the di¬ 
rection of Corfu, and nearly in the mouth of the Gulf 
of Lepanto, was taken, after a flight refiKance, on the 16th 
of April, by an armament from Zante, under the com¬ 
mand of brigadier-general Ofwald. In the WeK Indies, 
the ifland of Guadaloupe, the lalt that remained to the 
French in that part of the world, furrendered on terms, 
February the 6th, to the combined military and naval 
Britifli force, commanded by lieutenant-general fir George 
Beckwith : the naval part of the expedition was conducted 
by vice-admiral Alexander Cochrane. This year alfo the 
French were deprived, by the Englilh, of the laK eKabliffi- 
ments that remained to them beyond the Cape of Good 
Hope; viz. the I tie of Bourbon, and the Ille of France, 
or the Mauritius. 
The reduction of the Mauritius, either by blockade or 
force, had been considered as impracticable. It was accom- 
plifhed, however, with little refiKance, by an army of 8 or 
10,000 men commanded by major-general John Abercrom¬ 
bie, fecond fon to the late general fir RalphAbercrombie; the 
naval part of the expedition was under admiral Bertie. The 
whole fleet, tranfports and (hips of war, amounted to 70 (ail. 
All the arrangements for an attack on the i!le having been 
made, the troops effected a landing, under cover of the fire- 
fl'.ips, on the 29th of November. Some fkirmifhes took 
place till the 2d of December; but, on the 3d, the enemy 
Vol. XIII. No. 903. 
propofed to capitulate. Terms were immediately agreed 
on ; and, on the fame day, a capitulation was (igned, by. 
which an irnmenfe quantity of (lores and valuable mer- 
chandife, five large frigates, fome (mailer (hips of war, and. 
28 merchantmen, with two Britifli EaK Indiamen that had 
been captured, were furrendered. Our whole lofs did 
not exceed 150 men, in killed and wounded. The French 
troops were lent to France, not as prifoners of war, but 
free, and at their own difpofd. The inhabitants were 
to preferve tlieir religion and laws, and all private property 
was to be refpeCted. General Abercrombie obferves, that 
what had hitherto been confidered as the grand obKaele to- 
an attack on the Ifle of France, was the difficulty of find¬ 
ing a proper place for the debarkation of a eonfiderable 
number of troops, the whole coalf being furrounded with 
breakers; and the fuppofed irhpoflibility of finding ancho¬ 
rage for a fleet of tranfports. But th-ele difficulties were, 
at length, furmounted : by the indefatigable labours of 
commodore Rowley, feconded by oilier naval officers, en¬ 
gineers, and pilots, a fit place for anchorage was dilco- 
vered, and an opening in the lurf fufficient to admit the 
paflage of three (hips abreaft. The Me of France, which 
was by far the molt important, was the lalt of the pof- 
feffions that remained to France, in or between the Cape 
of Good Hope and India. A Britifli garrifon was placed 
in the Mauritius (for it had now recovered its ancient 
name) of 5000 men. The two reKored EaK Indiamen, 
the Ceylon and Windham, were fent to England : the firK 
with a cargo from the Me of Bourbon; the fecond with 
one from the Mauritius. They arrived lately in an Eng- 
glifli port, about the middle of April, 1811 ; together with 
the five French frigates, the AKrea, the Bellona, the Ve¬ 
nus, the Minerva, and the Victor. 
After the reduction of the Mauritius, three frigates 
were difpatched on an expedition againlt Tametava, on 
the coaK of Madagafcar, and to go from thence to root 
out the French from the I(le of Almerante, and fome 
other little neltling-places of theirs. But the great ob¬ 
ject of the expedition was, to deftroy the batteries of 
Tametava, under cover of which the French veffels were 
wont to be victualled and repaired when they could not 
reach the Mauritius, and to trade with thefe ides, where 
they procured falt-fffli, cocoa-nuts, and tortoile-(hells. 
On the 10th of January, 1811, there did not remain to 
France any territory in either of the Indies, or (hip in 
the Indian ocean. 
The Dutch fettlementof Amboyna, with its dependant 
files, was furrendered on the 17th of February, to a de¬ 
tachment of an European regiment, with artillery, from 
Madras, together with 300 feamen from Britifli Ships of 
war. On the night of the 8th of Auguft, a handful of 
Britifli feamen, not more than 180, led by captain Cole, 
of the Caroline frigate, took Banda, the principal of the 
Dutch fpice-iflands. The guns of tort Belgia, at Banda 
Neira, near which the fealing ladders were placed, fortu¬ 
nately burnt priming, ov\ing to the heavy rains. The 
Dutch garrifon were panic-ltruck,and fled in all directions, 
leaving the colonel-commandant and ten men killed. A 
flag of truce ums difpatched to the governor, offering pro¬ 
tection of private property, on the Surrender of the ifland ; 
which was refufed. However, one (hot from fort Belgia, 
and a threat to florin the town and fort Naffau, botli of 
which lay immediately under its guns, produced an im¬ 
mediate and unconditional furrender; and 700 regular 
troops and 300 militia grounded their arms. Banda Nei- 
ra, and its dependencies, exported 900,000k-worth of 
(pices annually to Batavia. The conquerors found about' 
400,000b-worth of (pices at the time of the capture. 
But the higheft degree of bravery and enterprife could 
not protect the whole of our numerous (hips of war from 
accident and difafler. A part of the Squadron, liationed 
at the Cape of Good Hope, fell, Auguft the 23d, into 
the hands of the'enemy. Four Englilh frigates, the Si¬ 
rius, the Magicienne, the Nereide, and the Iphigenia, de¬ 
termined to attack the harbour of Sud-Elt, oppofue to the 
3 Me 
