424 
L O N 
•feveral among them -are regular freemen of the city under 
the ancient company. Numbers of paintings are pre- 
ferved here ; many of them probably by the members of 
the fociety. The portraits of Charles II. and his queen, 
by Houfeman ; architecture of the Corinthian order, by 
Trevit; the Fire of London, hy Waggoner; Sec. Sec. 
On the cieling is an allegorical painting, the work of 
Fuller. The filver cup and cover, given to this fociety 
by the great Camden, who was fon of a painter in the 
Old Bailey, is preferved here, and annually produced on 
St. Luke’s day, the old maker drinking out of it to the 
new one, then elefted. The entrance is well decorated, 
and is an ornament to the'Jane. 
Low'er down in Thames-ftreet, direftly oppofite to 
Queenhithe, is fituated the parifh-church of St. Michael 
Queenhithe ; fo called from its dedication to St. Michael 
-the archangel, and its fituation near that hithe. It was 
formerly called St. Michael de Cornhithe, all the corn 
brought to London from the wefiern parts of the country 
being landed here. The earliefl authentic mention of this 
church is in the year 1404, when Stephen Spilman, who 
had ferved the offices of alderman, (heriff, and chamberlain, 
died, and left part of his goods to found a chauntry here. 
The old church being deftroyed by the fire of London, 
the prefent ftruefure was erefted in its Head. It confifts 
of a well-proportioned body, lighted by two feries of 
windows; the firft a range of tall arched ones, and over 
them another range of large port-hole windows, above 
which are cherubs’ heads, arid underneath felioons that 
adorn the lower part, and fall between the tops of the un¬ 
der feries. The tower is plain, but well-proportioned, 
and is terminated by a fpire crowned with a vane in the 
form of a (hip. The length of this church is feventy-one 
feet, its breadth forty, and its height to the roof, which 
is flat and covered with tiles, thirty-nine; the altitude of 
the tower and fpire, a hundred and thirty-five feet. The 
patronage of this church is in the dean and chapter of 
St. Paul’s, but it is fubjedt to the archdeacon. On its 
being rebuilt, the pariffi of Trinity the Lefs was annexed 
to it; and, the patronage of the latter being in the dean 
and chapter.of'Canterbury, they and the dean and chap¬ 
ter of St. Paul’s prefent alternately to the united living. 
We now defeend into Queenhithe, which gives name to 
the ward. It is a place of great antiquity, the original name 
of which was Edred’s hithe; and it pollibly exilted in the 
time of the Saxons. This was one of the places for large 
boats, and even (hips, to difcharge their lading; for 
there was a draw-bridge in one part of London-bridge, 
(lee Plate II.) which was pulled up, occafionally, to ad¬ 
mit the pafiage of large veffels ; exprefs care being taken to 
land corn, fiih, and provifions, in different places, for the 
convenience of the inhabitants; and other hit ha were ap¬ 
pointed for the landing of different merchandife, in order 
that bufinefs might be carried on with regularity. When 
this hithe fell into the hands of king Stephen, he beftowed 
it on William de Ypres, who, in his piety, again gave it 
to the convent of the Holy Trinity within Aldgate. It 
again fell to the crown in the time of Henry III. and 
then acquired its prefent name, being called Iiipa Regina, 
the Queen’s Wharf. That monarch compelled the firips 
of the Cinque Ports to bring their corn here, and to no 
other place. It probably was part of her majeffy’s pin- 
money, by the attention paid to her intereft in the affair. 
—“When I vifited this dock,” fays Mr. Pennant, “I faw 
a melancholy proof of the injury trade may fuftain by the 
ruinous (fate of Blackfriars-bridge, the refult of the bad 
materials of which part of it has been unhappily compofed. 
A large flone had fallen out of its place. A vaft barge 
deeply laden, I think, with corn and malt, (truck on this 
funk rock, and foundered. It was weighed up, and 
brought into this place to difcharge its damaged cargo.” 
The church of St. Nicholas Olave flood on the welt fide 
of Bread-flreet-hill, where the church-yard now is. It is 
a reftorv of very ancient foundation, as is evident from 
Gilbert Foliot, bifliop of London, having given it to the 
D 0 N. 
dean and chapter of St. Paul’s about the year 1172, m 
whom it ftill continues. The additional epithet is Cup- 
pofed to be derived from Olave, or Olaus, king of Nor¬ 
way. The parilh is annexed to St. Nicholas Coleabbey. 
Thames-ftreet runs through the heart of this ward, 
and contains, on the fouth fide, feveral lanes that lead 
down to Wood-wharf, Broken-wharf, Brooker’s-wdiarf, 
Brookes’s-wharf, Queenhithe, and other places, on the 
Thames-fide; on which account this divifion is greatly 
thronged with carts employed in carrying goods and mer¬ 
chandife.—Near Broken-wharf, to facilitate the paffage of 
loaded vehicles, the corporation of London, ever alive and 
liberal to the comfort of the inhabitants of the city, caufed 
this part of the ftree't to be w idened in the year 1807 ; and 
a ftone has been put up with an infeription to record the 
ufeful improvement. Hence, and from other infeription* 
of the fame kind, arofe the joke, when fome of our rich 
and high-fed citizens appear with the majefty of corpu¬ 
lence, to apply to them the words of the infeription, 
“ Widened at the expenfe of the corporation.” 
In this (treet, oppofite Broken-wharf, is fituated the pa- 
rifti-chureh of St. Mary Somerfet, fo called from its de¬ 
dication to the Virgin Mary and its fituation ; the word 
Somerfet being fuppofed only a corruption of Somers-hithe , 
from fome frnall port, or hithe, fo called from the owner 
of it being of the name of Somers. It appears, by ancient 
records, that a church was fituated on this fpot before the 
year 1335. The old church, however, (haring the com¬ 
mon fate of 1666, the prefent ftrudlure was loon after 
erefted in its ftead. The body of this edifice is lighted 
by a range of lofty arched windows, and the wall is ter¬ 
minated by a baluftrade. The tower is fquare, well-pro¬ 
portioned, and rifes to a confiderable height; it is crow ned 
at each corner with a hand fome vafe, fupported on a pe- 
deftal, wdth a neat turret between, in the form of an obe- 
lilk, and crowned with a ball. It is eighty-three feet in 
length, thirty-fix in breadth, and thirty in height to the 
roof; and the altitude of the tower is a hundred and 
twenty feet. The patronage of this church is in lay hands; 
and, being united to St. Mary Mounthaw, which is i;i the 
gift of the biffiop of Hereford, they prefent alternately to 
the living. 
The church of St. Mary Mounthaw, which was de- 
ftroyed by the fire of London, and not rebuilt, was fitu¬ 
ated on the ealt fide of Fifli-ftreet-hill; and the (pot on 
which it flood is now ufed as a burial-place for the pa- 
rifhioners. This church was alfo dedicated to the Virgin 
Mary, and obtained its additional epithet from having 
been formerly a chapel belonging to the city-manlion of 
the Montaltos, de Monte Alto, or Monthauts, of the county 
of Norfolk. This rnanfion, with the chapel, was purchafed 
by Ralph de Maydenftone, bilhop of Hereford, about the 
year 1234, who fettled both on his fucceffors in that fee, 
whereby they became poffeffors of the houfe, which they 
ufed for their city-refidencej and of the patronage of the 
chapel, which they have retained ever fince. It is not 
now known when, or by what means, this chapel became 
converted into a parifh-church. 
At the fouth-eaft corner of Garlic hill, we find the parifh- 
church of St. James, Garlic-hill. This church is fo called 
from its dedication to the above faint, and its vicinity to 
a garlic-market, which was anciently held in the neigh¬ 
bourhood, and called Garlic-hithe, from being a wharf on 
the bank of the river. It is a rectory, the patronage of 
which appears to have been in the abbot and convent of 
Weftminfter, till the fuppreffion of their monaftery 5 when, 
coming to thecrown, queen Mary, in theyear 1553, granted 
the fame to the bifliop of London and his fucceffors, in 
whom it ftill remains. The earlieft mention ofthischurchis, 
that it was rebuilt by Richard de Rothing, fheriff in 1326. 
The old church being deftroyed by the fire of London, 
the prefent edifice was begun ten years after, and tho¬ 
roughly completed in 1682. It is built of ftone, feventy- 
five feet long, forty-five feet broad, and forty feet high to 
the roof; the altitude of the fteeple is ninety-eight feet. 
The 
