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and the uppermoft: window in the centre of each face is 
ornamented with a head, and handfome feftoons ; from 
hence, inftead of a baluftrade, is a range of open-work of 
the Gothic kind, with vafes at the corners. From within 
this part the tower rifes circular, diminifhing in three 
ftages, with an open buttrefs rifing from each corner of 
the fquare tower to the top of the firlt ftage : from this 
buttrefs rifes a large fcroll, which extends to the top of 
the fecond, and a fmaller to the top of the third, ftage, 
above which rifes a fhort round fpire of a peculiar kind, 
fwelling out at the bottom, and then rounding off to a 
fmall height, where it is terminated by a gilt ball and vane. 
The length of this church is l'eventy-eight feet, its 
breadth forty-fix, height to the roof thirty-two, and to 
the top of the pinnacle one hundred feet. The patro¬ 
nage was anciently in the prior and convent of Canter¬ 
bury, in whom it continued till the year 1408 ; fince 
which time, it has been in the archbifhop, and is one of 
the thirteen peculiars in the city, belonging to that fee. 
In Clement’s-lane, at the weftern extremity of Eaft- 
cheap, ftands the parifh-church of St. Clement, Ealtcheap. 
This church was dedicated to St. Clement, difciple of 
St. Peter the Apoftle, who was ordained bifhop of Rome 
in the year 93 ; and it received the addition of Ealtcheap 
from its lituation, and to diltinguilh it from other churches 
dedicated to the fame faint. The date of its foundation 
is loft; but William de Southlee appears to have been 
reftor of it prior to the year 1309 ; and, before the fup- 
preftion of religious houfes, it was in the gift of the abbot 
and convent of St, Peter’s, Weftminfter. But, in the firlt 
year of her reign, queen Mary gave the advowfon thereof 
to the bifhop of London, whole fucceflbrs have continued 
patrons of it from that time to the prefent. The old 
church was burnt down in 1666, and the prefent building 
was erected in 1686. It is a neat, though plain, ftrufture, 
of the Compofite order, having a fquare tower, finifhed 
with a balultrade round the top. The length of this 
church is fixty-four feet, its breadth forty, height of the 
roof thirty-four, of the tower eighty-eight feet. It is a 
reftory, and the living was conliderably augmented by 
the parilh of St. Martin Orgar being annexed to it. 
*The church of St. Martin Orgar ftood on the eaft fide 
of St. Martin’s lane, near Cannon-ftreet, and was fo de¬ 
nominated from its dedication to St. Martin, and from 
Ordgarus, who was fuppofed to be the founder of it. It 
was alfo a redory, the patronage of which was granted by 
Ordgarus, with the confent of his wife and fons, to the 
dean and chapter of St. Paul’s, about the year 1181, in 
whom it (till remains; and, fince the union of this parilh 
to that of St. Clement, they prefent alternately with the 
bifhop of London. The remains of this church being 
found capable of repair, after the fire in 1666, a body of 
French proteflants, in communion with the church of 
England, obtained a leafe of the tower and ruinous nave, 
from the minilter and churchwardens, which being con¬ 
firmed by parliament, they repaired it, and converted it 
into a place of worfhip for their own ufe. 
Nearly facing the ealt opening of Crooked-lane, on the 
eaft fide of Filh-ftreet-hili, and before a neat fquare called 
Monument-yard, (well-known many. years for the great 
fame of a dealer for whofe tea people ufe to apply from 
all parts of the town, forgoodnefs united with cheapnefs,) 
ftands that noble fluted column of the Doric order called 
emphatically The Monument, erefted to commemorate an 
event which never would have been forgotten, and to perpe¬ 
tuate a falfehood which never was believed ; for, fince it 
has railed its cloud-capt and gilt head into the (kies, it has 
been pretty well afeertained that Pope, who deferibes it as 
“ a tall ly ing bully," was right. Sir Chriftopher Wren, the 
architect, had propofed the ftatue of the king, Charles II. 
as a proper objed on the top ; but his defign was rejeded, 
and a (mail chaffing-dilli, or inelegant fire-jar, bridling 
with iron fpikes to prevent the fowls of the air from 
perching upon it, which looks at a diftance like a full- 
grown artichoke, was fubltituted for it. The whole is 
DON. 
built of the bell Portland Hone. The height is 20a feet, 
the exaft diftance from the fpot where the fire began ; the 
diameter of the fliaft is fifteen feet, the circumference 
confequently forty-five ; and the pedeftal is forty feet ip. 
height. Over the capital is a balcony with iron-rails, 
from which in a clear day the fpedator may enjoy a charm¬ 
ing profped. 
If we confider this piece of workmanfhip divefted of 
prejudice, and with impartiality, we mull confefs that it 
is worthy the genius of the great man who conceived it.— 
The weft fide of the pedeftal is adorned with curious em¬ 
blems, by the mafterly hand of Mr. Cibber, father of the 
poet-laureat, denoting the deftrudion and reftoration of 
the city, in which the eleven principal figures are done in 
alto, and the reft imbafTo, relievo. The firlt female figure 
reprefents the City of London, fitting ameng the ruins, 
in a languifhing pofture, with her head dejeded, hair dil- 
hevelled, and her hand carelefsly lying on her iword. 
Behind is Time, gradually railing her up : at her fide & 
woman, reprefenting Providence, gently touching her with 
one hand, and, with a winged feeptre in the other, direct¬ 
ing her to regard the goddefles in the clouds, one with a 
cornucopia, denoting plenty, the other with a palm-branch,, 
the emblem of peace. At her feet a beehive, fhowing 
that by induftry and application the greateft misfortunes 
are to be overcome. Behind Time are citizens exulting 
at his endeavours to reftore her ; and beneath, in the midlfc 
of the ruins, is a dragon, who, as fupporter of the cicy- 
arms, with his paw endeavours to prelerve the lame. Still 
farther at the north end is a view of the city in flames ; 
the inhabitants in confternation, with their arms extended 
upwards, as crying out for fuccour. Oppofite the City, 
on an elevated pavement, ftands the king, in a Roma* 
habit, with a laurel on his head, and a truncheon in his 
hand ; and, approaching her, commands three of his at¬ 
tendants to delcend to her relief; the firlt reprefents the 
Sciences, with a winged head, and a circle of naked boys 
dancing around, holding Nature by the hand, with her 
numerous breads ready to give affillance to all ; the fe¬ 
cond is Architecture, with a plan in one hand, and a 
fquare and pair of compalfes in the other ; and the third 
is Liberty, waving a hat in the air, Ihowing her joy at the 
pleating profpeft of the city’s fpeedy recovery. Behind 
the king ftands his brother, the duke of York, with a 
garland in one hand to crown the rifing city, and a (word 
in the other for her defence. The tv\o figures behind are 
Jultice and Fortitude ; the former with a coronet, and the 
latter with a reined lion : and under'the royal pavement* 
in a vault, lies Envy, gnawing a heart, and iiicefTaiitly 
emitting peftiferous fumes from her envenomed mouth. In 
the upper part of the plinth the re-conftruclion of the city is 
reprelented by builders and labourers at work upon lioules. 
On the other three facades of the plinth are Latin in- 
feriptions. That on the north fide is thus rendered. “ In 
the year of Ghrift 1666, September 2, ealtward from hence, 
at tile diftance of two hundred-and two feet (the height 
of this column), a terrible fire broke out about midnight; 
which, driven on by a high wind, not only wafted the ad¬ 
jacent parts, but alio very remote places, with inc redible 
noife and fury. It confumed eighty-nine churches, the 
city-gates, Guildhall, many public ftruclures, hofpitals, 
fchools, libraries, a vaft number of (lately edifices, thir¬ 
teen thoufand dweliing-houfes, and four hundred Itrcets.. 
Of the twenty-fix wards it Utterly deitroyed fifteen, and 
left eight others (battered and half-burnt. The ruins o’f 
the city were four hundred and thirty-fix acres, from the 
Tower by the Thames fide to the Temple church , ami' 
from the north-eaft along the wall to Holborn'-bridfre. 
To the eftates and fortunes of the citizens it was me rel¬ 
iefs, but to their lives very favourable, that it niiw-lu <iii 
all things refenible the lalt conflagration of the u- arid.' 
The deltruclion was fudden ; for, in a fmall (pace of time 
the city was feen molt floudlhjng, and reduced to no:bing. 
Three days after, when, in the opinion of all, this Utal 
fire had baffled ail human c bun Ids and endeavours, it 
4- ftbppaf 0 
