LON 
its were brought to him from far countries—as lions, leopards. 
Jinxes, porperttincs, and fveh others ; for, fuch was his ejlimation 
among outlandi/h princes, that few would willingly offend him. 
Morel read,” continues Stow, “that in theyeare 1235 Fre¬ 
deric the emperor lent to Henry.the third three leopards, 
in token of his regall fnieid of armes, wherein three leo¬ 
pards were pictured : (foreigners to this moment called 
the lions in the armsol England “ Les leopards d’Angle- 
terre”—“ Gli pardi d’Inghilterra ;”) fince which time, 
thofe lions and others have been kept in a part of the 
bulwarke, now called the Lion Tower, and their keeper there 
lodged. King Edward the fecond, in the twelfth yeare of 
Ids reigne, commanded the (heriftes of London to pay the 
keeper of the king’s leopards in the Tower of London 
6d. a-day, for the fuftenance of the leopards, and three 
halfpence a-day for dyet of the faid keeper, out of the fee- 
farm of the citie.” A curious proportion between the 
daily allowance to the keeper and his wards. We muft 
leave to others, and particularly to the Cicerone of the 
place, the pieafure of deferibing HeElor, Helena, Mifs Su/icy, 
Mifs Fanny Howe, See. See. and the other noble inmates of 
this part of the Tower. 
Julius Ccefar has long enjoyed the honour of having 
laid the foundation of this fortrefs; but, we are convinced, 
without fufficient authority. Ever ready, however, to re- 
fpeit tradition when, inftead of contradicting written re¬ 
cords, it feems to fupply the want of them, we cannot 
help thinking that, even at the time of William the Con¬ 
queror, there mult have remained among the people a eon- 
fufed idea, that Caef'ar, during his fojourn at London, if 
he ever came there, (fee p. 54.) had built fome fort of 
defence, or vallum, on the fite. On the authority of Ed¬ 
mund of Hadenham’s Regilter-book of the Acts of the Bi- 
fhops of Rochelter, Stow lays, that William the Conqueror 
built the White Tower about the year 1078, appointing 
Gundulph bilhop of Rochelter, the molt celebrated archi¬ 
tect of that period, to fuperintend the work. In 1092, 
this building fultained great damage from a violent tern- 
pell of wind; but it was afterwards repaired by William 
Rufus, who added another caltellated tower, on the fouth 
tide, between it and the river. The Tower was fir ft en- 
clofed about the year 1190, by William Longchamp, bifnop 
of Ely, who, under pretence of guarding again!! the de- 
figns of John, the king’s brother, furrounded it with era. 
battled walls, and a broad deep ditch, communicating 
with the river Thames. 
Hitherto, the Tower was cor.fidered as a fortrefs for the 
defence of the city; but Matthew Paris fays, that, “ in the 
year 1239, Henry HI. fortified the Tower to another end;" 
wherefore the citizens, fearing lelt that was done to their 
detriment, complained ; and the king anl'wered, that he had 
not done it to their hurt ; but, faith he, l willfrom henceforth 
do as my brother doth, in building and fortifying caftles, who 
bearcth the name to be wifer than I am 
The building of the Lions’ Tower is by Pennant attri¬ 
buted to Edward IV. but erroneonlly. According to 
Strype, that king “fortified the Tower, and enclofed 
a piece of ground, taken out of the Tower-hill, wejt from 
the Lion Tower, now called the Bulwark j” whence it is evident, 
that it mult have been built before his time. Probably 
Henry I. was the founder of it; fince he introduced the 
menagerie, which had formerly been kept at Woodliock; 
as we mentioned above. 
Richard III. made fome additions to the Tower, and 
Henry VIII. repaired the White Tower, which was re¬ 
built in 1638; after the reltoration, it was thoroughly 
repaired, and a great number of additional buildings made 
to it; in 1663, the ditch was cleanfed a fecond time, 
(fee p. 74.) all the wharfing about it was rebuilt of brick 
and Itone, and fluices made for admitting and retaining 
the Thames-water, as occafion might require.—The pre¬ 
lent contents of the Tower, within the walls, are twelve 
acres and five rods. 
.From the other fide of the river, and from the river it- 
D O N. 439 
Telf, the Tower makes an intereftibg appearance. It flands 
on the north fide of the Thames, from which it is feparated 
by a convenient wharf, and narrow ditch, over which is a 
drawbridge for the more eafy receiving or fending out 
ammunition and naval or military ftores. On this wharf* 
is a long and beautiful platform, whereon (land fixty-one 
pieces of cannon, mounted on very handfome carriages, 
and which are only fired on days of date, or public rejoic¬ 
ings. Within the walls, on a line with this wharf, is a 
platform feventy yards long, called the Ladies’ Line, be- 
caufe much frequented as a promenade by ladies in the 
fummer. It is (haded within by a row of lofty trees 5 and, 
without, commands a delightful profpeft of the lhipping 
in the river. The afeent to this line is by Itone Heps 3 
and, being once upon it, a perfon may walk almoll round 
the walls of the Tower; in the courfe of which there are 
three batteries. The firlt of thefe is called the Devil's 
Battery ; where is alfo a platform, on which are mounted 
feven pieces of cannon, though on the battery itf’elf are 
only five. The fecond is called the Stone-Battery, and is 
defended by eight pieces of cannon : and the laft is called 
the Wooden Battery, mounted with fix pieces of cannon, 
all nine pounders. 
The Tower-wharf is enclofed at each end by gates, 
which are opened every morning, ter the convenience of 
a free intercourfe between the refpeftive inhabitants of the 
Tower, the city, and its fuburbs. Under this wharf is a 
water-gate, through the Tower wail, commonly called 
Traitors’ Gate; becaufe it was cultomary, in former times, 
to convey traitors, and other llate-prifoners, to and from 
the Tower, by water, through this gate; but, at this 
time, fuch perfons are publicly admitted at the main en¬ 
trance. Over the water-gate is a regular building, termi¬ 
nated at each end by a round tower, on which are embra- 
fures for cannon. In this building are an infirmary, a. 
mill, and the water-works that fupply the Tower with 
water. 
The principal entrance into the Tower is by three gates 
to the weft. The firlt of thefe opens to a court, on the 
right hand of which is the Lions’ tower, mentioned be¬ 
fore. The fecond gate opens to a (tone bridge built over 
the ditch; at the inner end of which is the third gate, 
much ftrongerthan the two former, having a portcullis to 
let down upon occafion, and being guarded not only by 
foldiers, but by the warders of the Tower. Within this 
gate, on the right hand, is the drawbridge for foot-paf- 
fengers to and from the Tower-wharf. 
A place of fuch importance as tlie Tower was anciently, 
and is Itilt in fome degree, required a man of the greateft 
trull and confidence to be the keeper of it. This high 
officer is called the Conftable of the Tower; and even now 
enjoys high honours and privileges. He is always feleitr- 
ed from among the molt trufty and diftinguiihed of the 
nobility ; his poll being, at coronations and all other ftate- 
ceremonies, of the utmoft coniideration, having the crown 
and all the regalia in his cuftody. The office is now 
moftly performed by deputy, except upon very particular 
occafions.—The prefent conftable is lord Moira, now refid- 
ing in India as governor-general ; the fame polt had been 
held by lord Cornwallis, a former governor-general. 
The conftable has under him a lieutenant and deputy- 
lieutenant, ufually called governor, whole offices are alfo of 
great confequence 5 a tower-major, gentleman-porter, gen¬ 
tleman-gaoler, a matter and four quarter gunners, and 
forty warders, whole uniform is like the king’s yeomen 
of the guard. 
At the er.d of the New Armory, at the north-weft: cor¬ 
ner of Northumberland Walk, is fituated the church of 
St. Peter ad Vincula, or in Bonds ; a very proper device 
for the dedication of a church in a place of confinement! 
The miracle of St. Peter’s being let free from his bonds 
and fetters is related in the Aits v. 19. and the religious 
prifoners could not but feel a lively comfort under the 
protection of a patron who like them had been incar¬ 
cerated, 
