440 LON 
cerated, and like whom they might eventually recover their 
liberty. Religion is feldorn fincere without a fpark of 
erithuliafm, and then it becomes fublime. This church 
was rebuilt by king Edward III. It is a plain Gothic 
building, fixty-fix feet in length, fifty-four in breadth, 
and twenty-four feet high from the floor to the roof. The 
walls, which have Gothic windows, are ft-rengthened at 
the corners with ruftic, and crowned with a plain block¬ 
ing courfe. The tower is plain, and is covered with a 
turret. The living is a rectory, in the gift of Hie king. 
The reftor, as minifter of the Tower ganifon, which is a 
parifli within itfelf, is paid by bis majefty; and the living 
is exempt from archi-epifcopal jurifdiftion. This church 
is remarkable for being the burial-place of the following 
royal and noble perfonages, who were executed either in 
the Tower, or on the Hill.—Fiflier bifhop of Rocbefter, 
who was beheaded on Tower-hill, the zzd of June, 1535. 
•—George Bullen, lord Rochford, beheaded on the 17th of 
May, 1536.—Anna Bullen, beheaded on the 19th of May, 
in the fame year.—Cromw'ell earl of Eflex, beheaded in the 
year 1540.—Catharine Howard, beheaded February 13, 
1541.'—Thomas Seymour, baron Sudley, and lord high 
admiral, beheaded in 1549, by a warrant from his own 
brother, the protedtor Somerfet, who, in lefs than three 
years, was executed on the fame fcaftold.—Dudley duke 
of Northumberland, beheaded on the zzd of Auguft, 
1553.—Devereux earl of Eflex, the favourite of queen 
Elizabeth, beheaded February the 25th, 1602..—James 
duke of Monmouth, natural fon of Charles II. beheaded 
on the 15th of July, 1685, for affertiog his right to the 
crown, again ft James II.—The earl of Kilmarnock, and 
lord Balmerino, beheaded Augult 18,1746, for being con¬ 
cerned in the rebellion in Scotland ; and Simon Frafer, 
lord Lovat, convifted of the fame crime, and executed in 
the following year. See the article England, vol. vi, 
p. 720. 
We mud obferve, that, though this church is faid to 
have been founded by Edward III. it mult only have been 
rebuilt by that king 5 fince Strype has preferved an order 
from Henry III. dated in 1241, for repairing and beauti- 
fying the chancels of St. Mary and St. Peter, in the church 
of St. Peter, within the bailiffwick of the Tower; from 
which it appears, that the ancient church was much larger, 
and more elegant, than the prefent one. It was adorned 
with a figure of St. Mary, which, in the above-mentioned 
order, is called Mariolam cum fuo Tabcrnaculo, the Little 
Mary in her Shrine ; and alio with images of St. Peter, St. 
Nicholas, and St. Catharine ; all of which are ordered to 
be new painted, and “refrefhed with good colours.” Here 
were alfo flails for the king and queen, who fometimes re¬ 
paired to the Tower, to perform their devotions. 
The White Tower is a large fquare irregular building, 
fituated almoft in the centre, no one fide anfwering to an¬ 
other: nor are any of its watch-towers, of which there 
are four on the top, built alike ; one of thefe towers is 
now converted into an obfervatory, and indeed feems 
well adapted to that ufe. The building itfelf confilts of 
three very lofty ftories, under which are fpaciousand com¬ 
modious vaults, chiefly filled with falt-petre. It is co¬ 
vered at top with flat leads, from whence there is an ex- 
tenfive and noble profpeft of the fliipping in the Thames, 
and the oppofite fiiore well inhabited, full of bufinefs, and 
extending over Tooley-lireet, Bermondfey, Rotherhithe, 
Deptford, and the adjacent country. 
In the firft ftory are two fpacious rooms, one of which 
is a fmail armory for the fea-fervice, having various forts 
of arms, very curioufly dilplayed. In the other room are 
a great number of clofets and prefles, all filled with war¬ 
like tools and inttruments of deftruflion. Over thefe are 
two other floors, one filled principally with arms ; the 
other with arms and pioneers’ tools; Inch as chevaux de 
frize, pick-axes, fpades, and fliovels. In the upper flory 
is kept match, fheep-fkins, tanned hides, &c. In this 
tower are likewife kept models of the new-invented en¬ 
gines of deftrudion, tint have from time to time been 
D O N. 
prefented to the governmefff; but which have very pro¬ 
perly been condemned to the obfcurity of the Tower, 
never to be ufed, but only to be fhown as evidence of the 
ingenuity of man to torment and deftroy. On the top is 
a large ciftern, or refervoir, for fupplying the whole gar- 
rifon with water, in cafe of need : it is feven feet deep, 
nine in breadth, and about fixty in length, and is filled 
from the Thames, by means of an engine very ingenioufly 
contrived. 
Within this tower is a very ancient chapel, dedicated 
to St. John ; which was for the private ufe of our kino-s 
and queens, when they refided in the Tower. . It is of an 
oblong form, rounded at the eafl end ; on each fide are 
five fliort round pillars, with hrge fquare capitals, carved 
in different forms on their faces, and with a crofs on each. 
At the eafl; end are two pillars of the fame form as the 
others. Above is a gallery, with windows and rounded 
arches, looking into the chapel, and faid to have been ap¬ 
propriated to the females. The columns pafs down to the 
ground-floor, through a lower room, which is ufed as a 
magazine for gunpowder. The chapel forms part of the 
record-office, and is filled with papers. Strype has alfo 
preferved an order of Henry III. for painting and beau¬ 
tifying this chapel. It runs thus : Dcpingi faciatis pati- 
bulum et trabem ultra altare ejujdeni capel. bene ct bonis coloribus ; 
et fieri faciatis et depingi daas imagines pnlckras, ubi melius et 
dccentius fieri poffint in eadem capell. unam de JanElo Edwarda 
tenente annulum,ct donante et tendente Sdlo. Johan. Evangelifia, 
( 3 c. —In Englifli thus: “Order that the crofs and the 
traverfe behind the altar of the faid chapel be painted 
well, and with good colours ; and, belides, two handfome 
images in the molt proper fituation within the chapel; one 
reprefenting St. Edward receiving the ring from St. John 
the Evangelift, See." 
The office of Keeper of the Records is oppofite the 
platform already deferibed. It is adorned with a fine 
carved ftone door-cafe at the entrance, and finely wain- 
fcoted within. All the rolls, from king John to the be- 
gitiningof the reign of Richard III. are depofited in fifty- 
fix wainfeot prefles, in this office ; thofe fince that time 
are kept at the Rolls Chapel, in Chancery-lane. The 
rolls and records kept in the Tower, contain the ancient 
tenures of all the lands in England, with a furvey of the 
manors; the originals of all laws and ffatutes ; the rights 
of England to the dominion of the Britifh fens; leagues 
and treaties with foreign princes ; the achievements of 
England in foreign wars ; ancient grants of our kings to 
their lubjedts ; the forms of fubmiffion of the Scottifh 
kings ; writs and proceedings of the courts of common 
law and equity; the fettlement of Ireland, as to law and 
dominion ; privileges and immunities granted to cities 
and corporations, during the period before mentioned ; 
with many other important records; all regularly difpofed 
by the diligence of fir William Dugdale, and others under 
his direction, and properly referred to, in near a tboufand 
folio indexes. The price of fearching here is half a 
guinea; for which a perfon may perufe any one fubject 
a-year. In the months of December, January, and Fe¬ 
bruary, this office is open only fix, but all the reft of the 
year eight, hours in a-day. Samuel Lylons, efq. is the 
prefent keeper. 
To the north of the White Tower is the grand ftore- 
houfe, which is a noble building, and extends two hun¬ 
dred and forty-five feet in length, and fixty in breadth. 
It was begun by James II. who built it to the firft floor; 
but William III. erefted that magnificent room, called 
the New, or Small, Armory ; in which, when finiflied, lie 
and his queen, Mary, dined in great form, having all the 
warrant-workmen and labourers to attend them, dreffed 
in new aprons and white gloves. This noble ftructure 
is of brick and ftone; and on the north fide is a ltately 
door-cafe, adorned with four columns, an entablature, and 
triangular pediment, of the Doric order. Under the pedi¬ 
ment are the king’s arms, with enrichments of ornamental 
trophy-work, by our celebrated artilt Gibbons. 
On 
