LONDON. 
45 3 
are filh-mongers, poulterers, cbeefemongers, and fuch-like 
traders.—The third market, belonging to Leadenhall, is 
called the Herb-market, becaufe only herbs, roots, fruit, 
See. arc fold there. The weft, eaft, and north, fides, have 
walks round them, covered over for Ihelter, and handing 
upon columns; in which walks there are twenty-eight 
halls for gardeners, with cellars under them. Being re¬ 
built in the year 1730, it is now called, New Market, or 
Nafh’s Rents, and has (hops in it chiefly for butchers ; a 
paflage into Lime-lt reefs,. and another into Gracechurch- 
ftreetj fo that the whole is very extenfive. There is, alfo, 
in this yard, one range of halls, covered over, for fuch as 
fell tripe, trotters, cats’-meat, See. And, on the fouth 
fide, the tenements are taken up by victuallers, poulterers, 
cheefemongers, butchers, and fuch like. Beyond this 
are likewise fome (hops, built in the year 1730, in that 
part called the Old Bacon-market, which are chiefly oc¬ 
cupied by poulterers, and fuch as deal in bacon. The ap¬ 
pearance of this market at night, and moh efpecially on a 
Saturday, has fomething uncommon in itfelf; it reminds 
the traveller of the Afiatic marts, of the bazars of Baflora 
and Cairo; barring the cohume of the dealers, which has 
not that fantahic variety and elegance which the eaftern 
markets generally difplay, though probably the coftume of 
ourmarket-people would appear not lefs curious to a Turk. 
Fenchurch ftreet runs nearly parallel with Leadenhall- 
ftreet, with which it communicates on one fide, and with 
Tower ftreet on the other, by feveral ftreets and lanes, 
which are well inhabited. On the fouth fide, we find 
Philpot-lane, Rood-lane. Mincing-lane, and Mark-lane, 
already deferibed. On the north are Lime-ftreet, Cullum- 
ftreet, and Billiter-lane.—Near the north end of Mark- 
lane is the parifh-church of Allhallows Staining. This 
church is believed to be of Saxon origin, becaufe of the 
additional epithet of Siam, now corruptly called Staining; 
which our antiquaries are of opinion was given to it, on 
account of being built with (tone,, to diftinguilh it from 
fome of the other charches in this city, of the fame name, 
that were built of wood. The fir ft authentic mention of 
it is in the year 1319, when Edward Camel was the in¬ 
cumbent. It was anciently a rectory, under the patron¬ 
age of the De Walthams, and others, till about 1369, 
when Simon bifbop of London, upon the petition of the 
abbot and convent of Grace, near the Tower, appropri¬ 
ated it to them and their fucceffors, with power to con¬ 
vert the profits to their own ufe, and to fupply the cure 
w ith either a- monk or a fecular prieft, removable at their 
pleafure. This curacy devolving, with the abbey, to the 
crown, it was fold,, on the 7th of Oclober, 1607, by king 
James, to George Bingley, and others, to be held of the 
crown, in lbccage ; and, coming afterwards to lady Slany, 
was by her bequeathed to the company of Grocers, who 
have fince held the advowfon. This church efcaped the 
fire in 1666 ; but it was in fo ruinous a (fate, that the body 
of it fell down three years after; and the whole was re¬ 
built, at the expenfe of the parilhioners, as it now ap¬ 
pears. It is a very plain edifice, lighted with Gothic 
windows; but the front, which is of free-ftone, is of the 
Tufcan order. It has a fquare tower, crowned with a 
fmall turret. The length of the church is feventy-eight 
feet, its breadth thirty-two, and its height twenty-four; 
the altitude of the tower is feventy feet. 
In this parilh, on the north fide of Fenchurch-ftreet, 
but backwards from the ftreet, at the upper end of Cul¬ 
ver-court, is the hall belonging to the Hudfon’s Bay Com¬ 
pany. It is a very elegant brick building, adorned with 
pilafters, architraves, Sec. In this hall is a vaft pair of 
horns of the moofe-deer, weighing fifty-fix pounds; and, 
in another room, the picture of an elk, killed in the pre¬ 
fence of Charles XI. of Sweden, which weighed twelve 
hundred and twenty-nine pounds. See Company, vol. 
iv. p. SB3. 
In Lime-ftreet, where feveral creditable merchants and 
bankers have their manfions, the chief building is Pew- 
terers’ Hall, a good and convenient edifice, well.fuited 
¥.01., XIII. No. 915, 
for the purpofe to which it is deflined. In the court¬ 
room is a portrait of fir William Smallwood, who was 
mailer of the company in the reign of Henry VII. and 
gave them the hall, with a garden, and fix tenements ad¬ 
joining. 
Near the fouth-weft corner of Lime-ftreet, behind the 
houfes in Fenchurch-ftreet, Hands the parifh-church of 
St. Dionis Backchurch. It owes its name to being dedi¬ 
cated to St. Dionis, Dionylius, or Denis, an Athenian 
areopagite, or judge, who, being converted to Ciiriltianity, 
and afterwards made bifhop of Athens, travelled into 
France, where he fuflfered martyrdom, by being beheaded ; 
and has been fince adopted as the patron faint of the 
French nation. It was on a hill near Paris, now called 
Montmartre , that this faint loft his head ; and it was re¬ 
ported in the legends of thofe times, that he picked it up 
j'rom the ground, carried it in his hands, walked delibe¬ 
rately down the hill, and proceeded as far as the fpot 
where the convent of St. Denis was afterwards eredled ; 
and that then, life forfaking at once both body and head, 
the holy martyr fell down. The cri de guerre of the 
French nation is Mont joye St. Denis, that is “Much joy 
and our patron St. Denis.” The epithet Backchurch was 
added, from its fituation behind a row of houfes, to dif- 
tinguifh it from the church of St. Gabriel, which, before 
the fire in 1666, flood in the middle of Fenchurch-ftreet 
wherefore thofe churches were anciently known by no 
other appellation but thofe of Fore and Back church,, 
The oldeft authentic mention of this church is in the 
year 1288, when Reginald de Standon was redor of it. 
It is one of the thirteen peculiars in the city, belonging 
to the archbifhop of Canterbury. The patronage was 
formerly in the prior and canons of that church ; but, at 
the diflolution of the priory, it was conferred upon the 
dean and chapter. The old edifice was deftroyed in 1666, 
and the prefent ftrudure was ereded in 1674., except th» 
fteeple, which was not added until ten years after. It is 
a plain ftone building, of the Ionic order, with a tower 
and turret; in which are ten bells, and a fet of chimes. 
The length of the church is fixty-fix feet, its breadth fif¬ 
ty-nine, and the height of the roof thirty-four feet; that 
of the tower and turret is ninety feet. 
At the fouth-weft corner of Fenchurch-ftreet (lands the 
church of St. Bennet Gracechurch, or Graflchurch; fo 
called from its vicinity to the Grafs-market, which was 
anciently held before its weft door. It is a redory, the 
patronage of which appears to have been in the dean and 
chapter of St. Paul’s ever fince the year 1190. The old 
church was deftroyed by the fire of London ; fince which 
it has been rebuilt, and made the parochial church for- 
this parilh and that of St. Leonard Eaftcheap. It is built 
principally of ltone; and is a regular, convenient, and 
neat, edifice, fixty feet in length, thirty in breadth, and 
thirty-two in height; the altitude of the fpire is a hun¬ 
dred and forty-nine feet. It has a handfome baltiftrade 
at the top, and a very high fpire, of the obelifk kind, the 
bafe of which is fupported by four porticoes. The infide 
is wainfeoted, and handfomely pewed ; the pulpit well 
veneered, carved, and adorned with cherubs, See. Here 
is alfo a curious font of fine carved work- 
The church of St. Leonard Eaftcheap, was burnt down 
in 1666, and never rebuilt. It was dedicated to Leonard, 
a French faint, and bifhop of Limoges; and was fome 
time named St. Leonard Milk-church, from William Mel- 
ker, the builder thereof. The patronage of this redtory, 
which.was anciently in the prior and convent of Canter-- 
bury, is at prefent in the dean and chapter of that fee ; 
who, fince its union with St. Bennet Grali'cliurch, prefent 
alternately with the dean and chapter of St. Paul’s. The 
fite of it is now only a burial-place for the inhabitants of 
this parilh. It is one of the thirteen peculiars belonging, 
to the archbifhop of Canterbury.—Between Fi'fh-ltreet- 
hill and Pudding-lane, is the church-yard of the parilh of 
St. Leonard ; containing a few tombs and feveral trees. 
It is an airy opening. 
5-2 
Gracechurch? 
