LON 
or “St. Michael at the Corn,” which has been corrupted 
into Querne. But the word Cornu, in French Come, in 
Spanifh Querno, might afford a few hours of di feu (lion to 
etymologifts—for it might have been originally called St. 
Michael ad Cornu, at the corner, or horn, of the fireet, as 
well as at Bladum ; for furely, when the church was built, 
no arable lands were inclofed within the wall of the city ; 
and yet on the other hand, as the revenue of this church 
might have been paid in kind, in blado, or corn, the church 
might have taken its dillinftive appellation from that 
circumftance.—We beg to obferve, by the bye, that the 
Latin word Bladum, and French Bled, arife undoubtedly 
from the much-older word blade, which was anciently 
tiled to deferibe grafs, 6r fward, from which the fhape of a 
fword took its name. Did we not hold ourfelves already 
excufed for giving the reader fome refpite from more fe- 
rious and uniform matter, we might here claim in¬ 
dulgence on the plea of the Greek axiom: “ Pour down 
knowledge as you like, and catch the fhower who can.” 
Some other antiquaries have found that near this church 
was a corn-market, reaching weltward to the fhambles, 
from which fituation it was fometimes called St. Michael 
de Macello ; fo that this difcuflion might ftill be extended, 
were we ftill inclined to trefpafs on the reader’s patience. 
The church of St. Michael le Querne flood at the weft 
end of Cheapfide, fronting the fireet; but, not being re¬ 
built, its fite was laid into the fireet, in purfuance of the 
aft for re-building the city. The earlieft account we find 
of it is in the year 1181, when it appears to have been only 
a chapel, and fo it continued r many years after. It was 
not made a reftory, till poflefted by Thomas Newton, who 
was buried in the choir in the year 14.61. 
At the eaft end of this church flood the Old Crofs, in 
Weftcheap, which was taken down in the year 1320, to 
make way for the enlarging of the church, and for the 
erection of a little conduit, at the north-eafl gate of St. 
Paul’s church-yard : which appears to have been the 
place where Walter Stapleton, bifhop of Exeter, was decol¬ 
lated by the populace, in 1326. The Great Crofs was one 
of the crofles erefted by Edward I. in token of his affec¬ 
tion for his deceafed queen Eleanor, at every place where 
her body refted in its way to Interment, in the year 1290. 
It had originally the ftatue of the queen ; but, falling to 
decay, was rebuilt in 1442, by John Hatherley, mayor of 
the city, and feveral of the citizens, when it was orna¬ 
mented with images of the Refurreftion, the Virgin, Ed¬ 
ward the Confeffor, and fome others. After the Refor¬ 
mation, thele images gave great offence, and were fre¬ 
quently mutilated; for which reafon, the goddefs Diana 
was fubftituted for the virgin Mary. At length, in 1643, 
the puritanic bigotry of the parliament occafioned a refo- 
lurion for taking down all crolfes, and demolifhing all 
popifh paintings ; and the dellruftion of this crofs being 
committed to fir Robert Harlow, he went on the fervice 
with true zeal, attended by a troop of horfe, and two com¬ 
panies of foot, and executed his orders moft effeftually. 
At the north-eaft corner of Fofler-lane Hands the hall 
belonging to the company of Goldfmiths. This fpacious 
building fupplies the place of one which was originally 
erefted by Drew Berentin about the year 1407, but was 
deftroyed by the fire of London. It is an irregular itruc- 
ture, built with brick, and the corners wrought in ruftic 
of Hone. The door is large, arched, and decorated with 
Doric columns, which fupport a pediment of the arched 
kind, but open for a fhield, in which are the arms of the 
company. The hall-room is fpacious, and both that and 
the other rooms are all well lighted. In the court-room 
is a fine portrait of fir Hugh Myddelton, with the words 
'Fontes Fodince on the picture, to fignify his double atten¬ 
tion to his mines and the New River. Here are alfo fome 
other good paintings, particularly a portrait of fir Martin 
Bowes, lord-mayor in 1545, in the coltume of his office. 
The date on the pifture is 1366. 
On the well fide of Toiler-lane flood the parochial 
%0U XIII. No. 921, 
D O N. 485 
church of St. Leonard, Fofler-lane,- which was founded 
about the year 1236, by William Kirk ham, dean of St. Mar¬ 
tin’s Ie Grand, in the court-yard of the collegiate church, 
for the ufe of the inhabitants of the fandluary! It derived 
its name from its dedication to a French faint, and its 
fituation w'as added, to diflinguifn it from another church, 
dedicated to the fame faint, in Eatlcheap. It is a redlory ; 
the patronage was anciently in the dean and canons of 
St. Martin’s le Grand ; in whom it continued till that 
deanery was annexed to the abbey of Weflminfter; the 
dean and chapter of which ftill poliefs it; but, the church 
being deftroyed by the fire of London, and the parilh 
united to that of Chrift-churcb, Newgate-ftreet, they pre- 
fent alternately with the governors of St. Bartholomew's 
hofpital. 
The church of St. Mary Staining, or Stone-church, be¬ 
fore the fire of London, flood on the north fide of Oat- 
lane. The reafon why it* received the additional epithet 
of Staining, is very uncertain ; fome imagining it to be 
derived from the Painter Stainers, who might probably 
live near it, while others fuppofe the reafon to be that al¬ 
ready afligned at p. 453. This church not being rebuilt 
after the fire, the parilh was united to that of St. Michael, 
Wood-ftreet; but, in confideration of the fmall endow¬ 
ment of this parilh, it was provided, by the aft which 
united them, that the patrons of St. Michael’s lliould pre- 
fent twice in three times. The advowfon of this reftory 
was anciently in the priorefs and convent of Clerkenwell, 
in whom it continued till their fupprelfion by Henry VIII. 
when it came to the crown, in whom it ftill remains. 
The fite of this church is now ufed as a burial-place 
for the parilhioners, who hold a general veftry, and have 
two churchwardens and four overfeers, though there are 
only forty-feven houfes in the parilh. 
Near the north end of Noble-Ilreet Hands a convenient 
hall, originally built by the company of Scriveners; who, 
being reduced to low circumftances, fold it to .the com¬ 
pany of Coachmakers, to whom it ftill belongs. 
The end of Cheapfide prefents three openings to the 
view.—An oblique one on the left of the beholder into 
St. Paul’s-church-yard ; with an “ echappee de vue," a 
glinrpfe of the church, through the branchings of the old 
tree mentioned at page 410. The next opening is in Pater- 
nofter-row, the feat of difpofable learning, which flies hence 
to the other parts of the united kingdom ; a place which 
once was chiefly inhabited, as we hinted at p*. 52, by Pa- 
ternoller-makers; but which now exhibits every kind 
and fpecies of literature, facred and profane, from the Bi¬ 
ble itfelf down to the blafphemies of Daniel Ifaac Eaton 
and Joanna Southcott. The other opening is the great 
thoroughfare from the north-eall part of the town ; we 
mean Newgate-ftreet, which took its name front the gate 
formerly Handing at the weft end of it. See p. 105, 6. 
Again arrived at the centre of our perambulations, St. 
Paul’s, we (hall take a fecond flight, which will be north¬ 
wards through St. Martin's le Grand, the fit ft opening on 
our right in Newgate Street.—St. Martin le Grand is a 
diftinft liberty, fubjeft to the dean and chapter of Wett- 
minfter. It was originally a college, founded in the year 
700, by Wythred king of Kent ; but was rebuilt and en¬ 
dowed, about the year 1056, by a noble Saxon named In- 
gelric, and his brother Edward, fora dean and fccular 
canons, or priefts, and was dedicated to St. Martin : the 
epithet le Grand was afterwards added on account of the 
great and extraordinary privileges, particularly the dan¬ 
gerous one of fanftuary, granted to it by different mo- 
narchs. William the Conqueror confirmed the endow, 
ment of this houfe, and the poffefiion of the lands given 
by the founders, to which he added all the moor-land 
without Cripplegate ; and freed it and its canons from 
all dilturbance and exaction of any bifliops, archdeacons, 
or their minilters, and from all regal fervices. He like- 
wife granted them fac and foe, toll and team, and a Jong 
etcetera of Saxon liberties, in the fulleft manne/ that any 
6 H cffus-ch 
