LON 
«fon, and Is governed by one of the aldermen, and a (lew. 
ard and bailiff appointed by the mayor and common-coun¬ 
cil; the former of whom holds a court of record at St. 
Margaret's Hill, for all debts, damages, and trefpafles, 
within his limits. That part of the Borough of South¬ 
wark, which is fubjeft to the city of London, is called 
the Borough Liberty; the other divifion is called the 
Clink, and belongs to the bifhop of Winchefter, who ap¬ 
points a Reward and bailiff, under whom that diftrift is 
governed. Notwithftanding the royal grants of the Bo¬ 
rough of Southwark to the city of London, the Surrey 
magiftrates preferve an authority of appointing conftables, 
licenfing victuallers, and exercifing other powers asjuftices 
of the peace for the county. 
In High-ftreet, which is long, populous, and at the 
opening towards the bridge very narrow, we find (till 
a few old houfes, two in particular with curious orna¬ 
ments in plafter, and their firft floors hanging over the 
.pavement of the ftreet; in the centre of thefe we perceive 
'the remains of a coat of arms, compofed probably (for 
the bottom part of the fhield is gone) of three cinq- 
foils and a chief charged with a lion paffant; belonging 
mo(t likely to the owner of the houfes by whom they 
were fo ornamented. But the mod interefting objeft 
in the place is that benevolent and ufeful foundation 
called St. Thomas’s Hospital, a very handf'ome ftone 
building forthe reception of neceflitous fick and wounded. 
-—Camden and Maitland agree in ftating, that it owes its 
foundation to a cafual fire which happened in that neigh¬ 
bourhood in the year 1207, which deltroyed the priory of 
St. Mary over Rhe, or Overy, or Of the Ferry. The ca¬ 
nons erefted an hofpital near the fpot for the celebration 
of mafs until thfe monaftery could be rebuilt. This was 
loon after accomplilhed ; but Peter de Rupibus, bilhop of 
Winchefter, for the greater convenience of air and water, 
removed the hofpital in the year 1215, and erefted it in a 
place where Richard prior of Bermondfey had only two 
years before built an almonry or alms-houfefor the reception 
of indigent children and neceflitous profelytes; and, hav¬ 
ing dedicated it to St. Thomas the Apoftle, endowed it with 
land of the value of 34.3I. per annum, from which time it 
was held of the abbot of Bermondfey, and afterwards of the 
bilhops of Winton, who were its patrons at the time of the 
Reformation, when its value was eftimated at 266I. 17s. 
6d. It was furrendered to the crown in 1558, by Nicho¬ 
las Buckland the then matter. Befides the ettates belong¬ 
ing to this hofpital, was the fire of an ancient manfion- 
iioufe called Skinner’s Place, forty acres of land, with cer¬ 
tain rents and Cervices in Weft Greenwich in Kent, which 
were conveyed in 1349, by Ralph Nonthey, to William 
bifhop of Winchefter and others, who conveyed them in 
the fame year to this hofpital. In the year 1551 the mayor 
and citizens of London, having purchafed of Edward VI. 
the manor of Southwark, for the fum of 647I. 2s. id. 
which comprifed the fite of this hofpital, repaired and en¬ 
larged it at an expenfe of uool. and in the following 
month of November, received into it 260 poor fick and 
helplefs objefts ; upon which the king, in 1533, incorpo¬ 
rated it with St. Bartholomew’s, Bridewell, Bethlem, and 
Chrilt’s, hofpitals. 
Although the great fire in London did not reach this 
place, yet the revenues of the hofpital fuffered confiderable 
injury by it, and alfo by three great fires in Southwark in 
3676, 1681, and 1689, and further by the decay of fome of 
its buildings, which were very ancient,and in a low, damp, 
and incommodious, fituation, unfit for the reception of 
the fick. A fubfcription for the purpofe of rebuilding 
them was accordingly let on foot; and this great objeft 
was accomplilhed in 1693, when the buildings were ereft¬ 
ed, confiding of three quadrangles, one facing the ftreet, 
and two interior fquares ; the three wards on the fouth fide 
of the firft were erefted at the charge of Thomas Guy (of 
whom we are prefently to fpeak more at large) in 1707 ; and 
three on the north fide by Thomas Frederick, one of the 
governors in 1708; the whale" containing nineteen wards 
•Vxjl. XIII. No. 923. 
DON. 509 
and four hundred and feventy-four beds, which are always 
occupied; and many out-patients are alfo relieved. To 
this a new building was added in 1732, conlifting of fevered 
wards, a brew-houfe, and offices, at the expenfe of tie 
funds of the charity; fo that it now confifts of four qua¬ 
drangular courts ; in the firft of which are wards for wo¬ 
men ; in the fecond two chapels, the fmalleft of which is 
for the private life of the hofpital, and rhe largeft is lor 
parochial ufe; in the fame court, and adjoining to them, 
are the houfes of the treafurer and other officers; in the 
third court are wards for men : and the fourth contains 
wards, hot and cold,baths, afurgery, theatre, apothecary’s 
fhop, &c. Amongft the numerous benefaftors to this 
foundation fir Robert Clayton is mentioned as one of the 
chief; and thefociety, to commemorate his liberal charac¬ 
ter, erefted, during his life-time, in 1701, a ftatue in the 
fecond court, with appropriate inferiptions on the north 
and fouth fides of the pedeftal 5 whereby it appears that he 
was native of Northampton, was lord-mayor of London, 
and having contributed 600I. in his life-time, bequeathed 
by his will 2300I. to this hofpital, befides having built the 
girls’ ward in Chrill's Hofpital, &c. He died in 1714, 
when the ftatue was repaired. Although it does not ap¬ 
pear that there were any eflates annexed to the city's ori¬ 
ginal purchafe of this hofpital, yet the beneficence of the 
corporation and their fellow-citizens, and others, contri¬ 
buted to raife a very confiderable endowment, fo as to fe- 
cure the permanent objects of it, and even to extend its 
defigns; and its progrtflive utility has been proved by the 
increafeof the numbers who have required its relief; their 
number, including out-patients, may be taken at an ave¬ 
rage of fix or feven years at nine thoufand, and the ex¬ 
penditure at about io,oool. The governors confifi of the 
lord-mayor and court of aldermen ex officio, and others 
who qualify by a donation of 50I. their number is unli¬ 
mited. They choofe their officers and fervants, who are 
a prefident, treafurer, hofpitaler, a chaplain, befides the 
m-iniiler of the parifh, who is remunerated by the hofpital, 
three phyficians, three furgeons, apothecary,clerk, receiver, 
Reward, matron, butler, and brewer, baker, cook, alliftant, 
and fervant, an affiftant clerk in thecounting-houfe, twopon- 
ters,four beadles, nineteen fitters, nineteen nurfes, nineteen 
watch-women, a chapel-clerk, fexton, and watchman. 
Another eftablifhment of the fame kind, another proof 
of the humanity and benevolence of our anceftors, and 
particularly of Thomas Guy, who, from his own un- 
aflifted funds, founded this hofpital which bears his name, 
will attraft, as it does well deferve, the attention of the 
perambulator, on the fouth fide of St. Thomas’s-ttreet.__ 
It is little inferior in its extent to St. Thomas’s Hofpital, 
and Hands open alfo for the reception of the fick and 
wounded.—Mr. Thomas Guy, the founder, was the foil 
of Thomas Guy, a lighterman and coal-dealer in Horf- 
leydown. He had arrived at his eighth year only when 
liis father died. In the year 1660, he was put apprentice 
to John Clarke, a bookfeller and binder, in the porch of 
Mercers’ Hall, in Cheapfide: on the 7th of Oftober, 
1668, he was admitted by fervitude a freeman of the Sta¬ 
tioners’ Company, and in 1673 was fworn of their livery. 
He began bulinefs with a ftock of the value of about 200I. 
Being a fingle man, he fpent little of his profits ; he dined 
on his counter, with no other table-cloth than a news¬ 
paper ; and was not more nice' about his apparel. The 
public are indebted to a trifling circumflance for the ap¬ 
plication of this fortune to charitable ufes. He employed 
a female fervant, whom he had agreed' to marry. Some 
days previous to the intended ceremony, he had ordered 
the pavement before his door to be mended up to a par¬ 
ticular ftone which he had marked, and then left his houfe 
on bufinefs. This fervant, in his abfence, lookinp--at the 
workmen, law a broken ftone beyond this mark° which 
they had not repaired ; and, on pointing to it with that 
defign, they acquainted her that Mr. Guy had not or¬ 
dered them to go fo far; ffie however direfted it to be 
done, adding, with the fecurity incidental to her expec- 
6 O Cation 
