LON 
lifHde fixec! upon a (lone plinth. The north, weft, and 
fouth, tides of' it, are adorned with very elegant buildings, 
among which are thofe formerly belonging to the dujces 
of Ancafter and Newcaftle ; the firit in the centre of the 
weft fide, and the other, which is now divided into two, 
is at the corner of Great Queen-ftreet; and the eaft fide 
of it is bounded by the wall of the terrace in Lincoln’s- 
jnn-gardens. The north-fide of the fquare is called Hol- 
born-row; the weft fide Arch-row ; the fouth iide, Portugal- 
row ; and the eaft fide Lincoln’s-inn-wall. Had thi$ fquare 
been completed according to Inigo Jones’s plan, it would 
have been the moft beautiful in London. The defign 
was formed with that fimple grandeur which charafteriies 
moft of his works. Ancafter houfe, near Jhike-ftreet, is 
a fpecimen; and it was intended that the whole fhould 
have been built in the fame ftyle ; but there were npt p. 
fufficient number of people qf tafte to accompliih fo great 
3 v*ork. In its prefent ftate, many of the hqufes are grppd 
and noble; but the beauty anfipg from uniformity is want¬ 
ing. This fquare was the place chofen for the execution of 
lord Ruftell, who was beheaded in the middle of it on the 
aift of July, 1683, 
It would certainly be a moft defirabje thing if the centre 
of-this fquare were occupied by forne national monument 
devoted to the memory of all the worthies pf Britain, 
from Alfred to the duke of Wellington, [9 whpfe yalour 
and bravery we are happy to find that a monument is go¬ 
ing to be raifed, by a fubfcription fee on foot, not by 
ftock-jobbers and wealthy nabobs, but by the fair. A 
moft gratifying and delicate idea ; for if, as Dry-den fays 
in Alexander’s Feali, “None out the brave dele rye the 
fair,” fo none but the fair fnould.crown the brav.e. The 
duehefs of York is at the head of the fuhfcrsbers, and the 
flint already received is confiderable. We recoiled! with 
pride that we hinted the idea at page 472.—Were y/e tp 
lugged a plan, it would he, to erect a building fit to re¬ 
ceive in the inlide paintings and flatties produced by 
JSnglilh genius ; and outfide fhould be pedeftals and niches 
deftined for the ftatues and bulls of our poets, hiftorians, 
and naval as well as military heroes. It might occupy 
about a tenth of the whole area ; i. e. about an acre, in¬ 
cluding a canal of water which fhould funrpund and fe¬ 
cit re the national temple. At prefent this large fquare is 
alvnoft without ornament; for the w.himfical projection of 
Mr. Soane, with ftatues and a fort oflpggia, the f'ubjedl of 
a long litigation, is not of importance fuliicient to be taken 
notice of; but the College of Surgeons delerves ouratten- 
■tion. It is fituated on the fouth fide of the fquare ; and 
has a back-entrance in Portugal.-ftreet. Now this is one 
of thofe productions of the art which will always add 
confequence to tins fpot they are placet! u,pon, and fho.w 
the magnificence and wealth of a great nation. Here 
-we -find that foiemn grandeur which arifes from a pro¬ 
per union of regularity and fimplicity ; and, although 
hypercritics have found fault with fqme parts of the 
building, we were fo plealed with the whole together, 
that we have caufed a drawing and an engraving of it to 
be made, in order that our readers may judge for tliern- 
felves. See Plate VII d. The -front is adorned with a 
-noble portico of the Ionic order, fupported by fix plain 
-columns ; and -we cannot help admiring the good fenfe 
and clailk.ality of the architect in drooling, that peculiar 
order of architecture, fince it took its origin where.the 
.firft man who exercifed fuccefsfully the art of healing 
wounds and curing* difeafes, was bom.—Hippocrates was 
a native of Ionia. The architrave tells the purport of 
-the edifice by this fimple infeription in railed bivifs.letters : 
.Coi/cE'C.ivm Regale Chiru.rgoicvm ; “ Royal College of 
Surgeons.” In the centre of a.plain courle, above the 
■entablature, are placed the arms of the college, with the 
fopporters; they may be delcribed technically thus.: 
•Quarterly ; -firit and fourth or, a ferpent rowedwith the 
•head ereft, vert; fecond and third argent, a lion cou- 
chant proper; overall, on a crofs engrailed azure, a regal 
•crown between two portcullifles in fefs, and as many an- 
V01*■ XIII. No. £25. 
DON. 525 
chors in pale, gold. Creft ; on a wreath a hawk regardant 
holding in his beak a broken arrow, all proper. Sup¬ 
porters. The dexter, the figure of Machaon, holding 
in his dexter hand an arrow, the point downward and 
broken off; the finifter, the figure of Podalirius, habited 
all proper.—Machaon was a celebrated furgeori, fon of 
Efculapius, and brother to Podalirius. He went to the 
Trojan war with the inhabitants of Trica, Ithorne, and 
CEchqlia; and exercifed theart of furgery among the Greeks, 
Homer fays, iu his catalogue of (hips, 
Acrx^wm hiQ 9T«lJe 
In’njp’ ctycc&u) Ilociafai/ito; »£e IU ii. 24.0. 
Thofe Podalirius and Machaon guide. 
To thefe his (kill their parent-god imparts,, 
Divine profeft'ors of the healing arts. Pipe, 
Machapn is mentioned by Virgil as having been con¬ 
cealed in t(ip jyhPdcp hprfe on the famous night which 
yvitnefted the d.eftruftion of Troy. Ain', ii. 263. Some 
fuppofe that he was killed before th.e walls of Ilipn by 
Eurypylus, the fqn of Tplepbqs.—Podalirjus, his brother, 
was prte of (the pupils of the famous centaur Chiron. 
At his return from the Trojan war, he was fh ip wrecked 
on the coaft of Carla, where he cured a daughter of the 
king of that place of a fevere and dangerous illnefs by- 
bleeding her ;n both arms ; which is the firft authentic 
record of the operatic?!) of blood-jetting. This and 
other eminent proofs of his jjdlj in the art of healing 
endeared him fo much t,o the C^rians, that after his death 
they built him a.temple, and p^jd him divine honours.—■ 
From this it may be inferred how appropriately thefe two 
chara£lerj> were chofen to fupport the arms pf the College 
of Surgeons.—On the eaftern fieje of the building, ar¬ 
ranged in cb.ftinft apartments, is the Hunterian Mujeuro, 
purchafed by parliament for the ufe of the college : it 
conliftspf above 2,9,099 anatqmical preparations, forming 
one of the greateit curiofuies, an.d the moft extraordinary 
aftemblage of the wonders and harmonies of nature, to 
be met with in any country. 
Portugal-ftreet leads into Clare-market, fo called from 
John earl of Clare, by whom, it was built and opened in 
the year 1656. It contains two market-houfes, many 
butchery and green-(hops, where provisions are fold per¬ 
haps more realpnable than in any other market in or near 
London. 
A large'portion of Vere-ftreet, Clare-market, and the 
adjoining neighbourhood, was built on land called St, 
Clement’s Fields ; and one of the eaxiieft erections was 51 
bowling-alley and tennis-court, fttuate in Bear-yard ; 
a name which is (till continued, and jeay.es no doubt the 
premiles were occafionally .ufed for the onc;e-popular di- 
verfion of bear-baiting. The tennis-court communi¬ 
cated with Vere-ftreet by a paffjige, according fo repute, 
near where the Bull’s Head is .now fituate',' and where 
Charles Gibbons, efq. (as he isltyledin the parifh books,) 
the proprietor, then refided. In 1660, there w>as eredtecl 
on the lite of the tennis-court a final I theatre, being the 
firit built after the reftoration ; and on Tluirftiay, Novem¬ 
ber 8th, in that year, it was opened with the play of 
Henry the Fourth, by the .company from the Red Bull 
under the direction of Thomas Killigrew. One event 
lias given fome importance to this theatre, in the biftory 
of rhe drama. Mr. Malone, with a clifcriinination not 
eafy to be controverted, fpppofes that here, on Saturday, 
Dec. 6, 1660, upon the performance of Othello, the firit 
time that fealon, “ it is probable an actrefs firit appeared 
or. the Eqglith ftage.” Though the prologue and epi¬ 
logue fpoken pn the occ.afion are in print, yet the name of 
the heroine is not preferved. At this houfe, Killigrew’s 
company continued during the feafons of 1661, 1662, and 
part of 166,3 j.a.nfl within that period obtained the title of 
“ The Kiiige and Queene’s Company of Players.” Ja 
the latter year they removed .to the new-built theatre in 
Drury-lane ; and it does not appear that this houfe was 
again ufed for dramatic reprefentatiohs’. Davenant, who 
6 S ihortly 
