LON 
tScorge, St. Anile, and St. Paul, are offsprings of St. 
Martin. 
Cecil-ftreet, as we mentioned before, is the weftern 
boundary of the duchy of Lancafter; and built upon the 
fiteof Great Saiifbury Houfe, a memento of which remains 
in Salifbury-ftreet. Adjoining to it was, on the weft, Dur¬ 
ham Houfe, built by Thomas Hatfield, hi (hop of Durham in 
i 345 ; but, according t9 others, it was built originally by 
Anthony de Beck, patriarch of Jerufalem, and bilhop of 
Durham, in the reign of Edward I. and defigned by him 
for the town-refidence of him and his fucceftors; and was 
rebuilt by Hatfield in 13S1. In tile 26th of Henry VIII. 
bifltop Tonftal conveyed this houfe to the king, and re¬ 
ceived, in exchange, Cold-Harborough, and other houfes 
in London. About the fecond year of his reign, Edward 
"VI. gave Durham Houfe to his filter Elizabeth, for life. 
Queen Mary, however, reftored it to the lee, by granting 
-the reverlion to the bilhop; and, upon the death of Eliza¬ 
beth, Toby Mathew, the then bilhop, afterwards archbi- 
fhop of York, entered into poffeflion ot it, under the au¬ 
thority of an opinion of the judges, againft the claim of 
iir Walter Raleigh, to whole ufe it was granted by queen 
Elizabeth. In 1640, it was purchafed of the fee by the 
earl of Pembroke, who pulled it down, and converted it 
into a range of buildings and wharfs, which were called 
•by.the general dame of Durham-yard. 
Tliele buildings having become very ruinous, three bro¬ 
thers of the name of Adam, purchafed the ground, and 
covered it with a magnificent mafs of buildings, which, 
in honour of their fraternal partnerfliip, was called the 
Adelphi, the Greek word for brothers. In the year 1773, 
the whole was difpofed of by lottery, die tickets in w hich 
fold for fifty pounds each. The great clefcent to the river, 
that ran down Durham-yard, is entirely removed by thefe 
buildings being- raifed on ftrong lofty arches. Fronting 
the Thames is a moll beautiful row of houfes, before which 
is a fpacious terrace, fecured by very handfome iron rails. 
At tbe eaft end of the Terrace is Adam-ftreet, which com¬ 
municates with the Strand. John-ftreet extends between 
the river and the Strand, parallel to the Terrace ; and leads 
to York Buildings. In this ftreet is a very handfome edi¬ 
fice, ufed by the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, 
Manufactures, and Commerce. The exterior is in a noble 
ltyle of architecture; but that is in a great nieafure loft 
from its being of brick, ornamented with Itone, a mixture 
inconfiftent with grandeur. The interior is peculiarly ele¬ 
gant, and very commodious for the ufes of the fociety ; the 
chief objeCts of which are, to promote the arts, manufac¬ 
tures, and commerce, of this kingdom, by giving premiums 
for all ufeful inventions, difcoveries, and improvements; 
and, in purfuance of this plan, the fociety has already ex¬ 
pended near fifty thoufand pounds, advanced by voluntary 
fubfcriptions of their members, and legacies bequeathed. 
The fociety diftributes premiums for any new difcovery in 
agriculture, chemiftry, dying, mineralogy, the polite arts, 
manufactures, and mechanics; alfo premiums for the ad¬ 
vantage of Britifli colonies, and for the fettlements in the 
Eaft Indies, and a correfpondence in each branch is main¬ 
tained ; and the TranfaCtions of the fociety are publi(hed 
annually. But that which charaCterifes this building, and 
has rendered it and the fociety to which it belongs, cele¬ 
brated on the continent, is the great room of the fociety. 
This is a finely-proportioned apartment, being forty-feven 
feet in length, forty-two feet in breadth, and forty feet in 
height. It is lighted at the top by a dome. The walls are 
ornamented with a feries of exquifite pictures, by the late 
Mr. Barry, defigned to illuftrate this maxim, “ That the at¬ 
tainment of happinefs, individual and public, depends on 
the cultivation of the human faculties.” The firit picture 
reprefents Mankind in a Savage State,with its attendant nai¬ 
lery; the fecond, a Grecian Harveft-home, or a thankfgiving 
to Ceres and Bacchus ; the third, the Victors at the Olym¬ 
pic Games ; the fourth, Navigation ; the fifth, the Society 
of Arts, See. and the lair, Elyfium, or the ftate of final 
retribution. Thefe pictures are among the chief orna- 
Voe. XIII. No. 925. 
DON. 537 
ments of this capital, whether national or foreign ; and, 
to the honour of our country, are the production of the 
Englith fchool. The Society for the Encouragement 
of Arts, &c. was inftituted in 1753. The idea was fug- 
gefted by Mr. Shipiey, an ingenious artifi, and eagerly pa¬ 
tronized by the late lord Foikftone and the late lord Rom¬ 
ney. The inftitution confifts of a preiident, twelve vice- 
prefidents, various officers, and an indefinite number of 
fubferibers, it being fupported folely by voluntary fub¬ 
fcriptions. Among many liberal rules of this fociety, 
there is one of peculiar merit, by which ftrangers are per¬ 
mitted to be prefent at the fittings of the fociety, on the 
introduction of members; the ftranger’s name being pro- 
pofed for that purpole, and no objection made. 
Nearly oppoute to this building is Robert-ftreet, leading 
to the weft end of the Terrace. The end and central 
houfes of the Terrace are particularly handfome, and are 
diftinguiftied by being ornamented with pihfters and cor¬ 
nices of artificial ftone. The cer.tre-houfe is ftiil occu¬ 
pied by the relift of our famous actor David Garrick— 
lhe is 90 years of age, and enjoys all her faculties. 
The vaults under the houfes are very extenfive, and are 
converted into ranges of warehoufes, coach-houfes, and 
ftables, with proper fubterraneous communications be¬ 
tween, lighted from the back yards of the houfes above. 
From the old entrance to Durham-yard is a wide paliage 
for carriages, under the houfes, dow n to thefe warehoufes, 
and to a fpacious wharf below the Terrace; and there is 
another entrance that opens to the ftreet, on the fide next 
York Buildings. The fummits of the arches, fronting 
the river, are adapted as counting-houfes for the ware¬ 
houfes below, or as kitchens f o the houfes above. 
From thisTerrace.Weftminfter-bridgeonthe light,Black- 
friars on the left, exhibit a charming view; and the rifing 
Strand-bridge in its embryo lhape, with its timbet- 
erections waiting to receive the ftone-work—its fire-en¬ 
gines putting wheels in rattling motion night and day to 
dry the bottoms of the dams—prefents a mod interefting 
afpeft. This bridge, which is now conftrufting in the 
form of the ancient Roman bridges, that is, entirely flat 
from one end to the other, will be, when completed, the 
largeft upon the Thames, and perhaps in the world. It 
is to conlift of nine arches, all of equal fize : their ellipti¬ 
cal form, which can already be feen from Blackfriars- 
bridge and other parts near it, will be an ornament to the 
metropolis; and its utility very confiderable.—We are 
happy to have it in our power to gratify our readers with 
an exaft reprefentation of this bridge, engraved after a 
drawing with which we have been favoured by Mr, Rennie 
himfelf, as well as with the dimenfions of the different 
parts of this majeftic building.—They are as follow : Nine 
arches, each 120 feet fpan ; the piers, each 20 feet thick. 
Width of the bridge, with the parapets, 42 feet ; of the 
foot-path, 7 feet; of the road-way, 28 feet. Height of 
columns, including capital, 26 feet; capital of columns, 
2 feet 9 inches; diameter of column, at top 4 feet 4 inches, 
at bottom 5 feet Sf inches. Height of the cornice above 
the columns, 9 feet; height of the parapets, including 
blocking, 5 feet 6 inches. Depth of arch-ltones, at top 5, 
at bottom 10. See Plate VII n. 
The ceremony of laying the firft ftone was performed 
on the nth ot Oftober, 1811. Several gold aqd filver 
coins of the prefent reign were depofited underneath, and 
covered with a plate of block tin, bearing the following 
infeription : “ This Foundation-ftone of the Strand-bridge 
was laid on Friday the nth day of October, A.D. 1811, 
by the directors for executing the fame; Henry Swann, 
Efq. M.P. Chairman; in the 51ft year of the reign of 
King George III. and during the Regency of H. R. H. 
George prince of Wales. The money for building 
which was raifed by Subfcription under the authority of 
an Aft of Parliament. John Rennie, Architect.”—-This 
will open an excellent communication from the Strand 
and the weft and north of the town to Southwark, and 
the whole county of Surry. The north abutment will 
6 X bs 
