576 LON 
haps not fo brilliant as they are in tbe bell ftreets of the 
city and in the Strand, which is a fort of a continuation 
to it ; hut their uniformity and neatnefs make full 
amends for an inferior look as to richnefs and wealth.— 
This is generally and not improperly called the falhion- 
able part of the town. Indeed many ftreets are entirely 
built for the refidence of private families, without a ftiop to 
be feen from one end to the other. Puhlic-houfes are con¬ 
cealed in fmaller ftreets ; and (fables, always called Mews, 
are placed away from public view. 
Conduit-ftreet with a gentle fiope leads from Swallow- 
ftreet to Bond-ftreet; and is built, as well as a great part 
of the laft-mentioned rtreet, upon the fite of a field for¬ 
merly called Conduit Mead, from one of the conduits 
which (applied this part of the town with water.—Here 
is a chapel, called Trinity-chapel, the hiftory of which is 
very remarkable. It was originally a wooden field-cha¬ 
pel, erected by James II. and fixed upon wheels, for the 
purpofe of being conveyed whenever his majefty went; it 
Being fitted up for his private rnafles. In the year 1686, 
it was in his camp at Hounflow-heath, where it remained 
until fome time after the revolution, when it was removed, 
and placed near the north end of Old Bond-ftreet. Here 
it remained, and was ufed as a chapel by the neighbour¬ 
ing inhabitants, until the year 1716, when it was demo- 
lifhed, and the prefent building ere< 5 Ied for the fame ufe. 
From the weft end of Conduit-ftreet, is a ftreet called 
Bruton-ftreet, leading into Berkeley-fquare, which de¬ 
rives its name from its vicinity to the former manfton of 
lord Berkeley of Stratton. This fquare contains about 
three acres of ground, laid out in the form of a long pa¬ 
rallelogram. It is furrounded with very elegant build¬ 
ings; and in the centre is an equeftrian lfatue of his pre¬ 
sent majefty, ereiled by the princefs Amelia, his majelty’s 
aunt. The whole of the fouth fide of it is occupied by 
the magnificent manfion and gardens of the marquis of 
Lanfdown, which are feparated from the fquare by a brick 
wall.—On Hay-hill, at the fouth-eaft corner of this fquare, 
a fkirmifti took place, in the year 1554, between a party 
of infurgents, under fir Thomas Wyat, and a detachment 
from the royal army, in which the former were repulfed. 
After the fubfequent defeat and capture of fir Thomas, 
at Ludgate, he was executed, and his head fet up on a 
gallows, at this place ; and three of his aliociates were 
bung irr chains near their leader. 
Weft of Berkeley-fquare is May-fair, formerly an open 
/pace, whereon a fair was held annually in the month of 
May ; but now covered with a chapel, feveral ftreets, and 
a (mail market, called Shepherd’s Market. On the north 
fide of May-fair is Chefterfield-houfe, an elegant ftruflure 
built by the late earl of Chefterfield, from whom it de¬ 
rives its name. It confifts of a main body with detached 
wings, connected by a very beautiful colonnade, the enta¬ 
blature of which is crowned with an attic baluftrade and 
pedeftals above each column, on which are placed elegant 
vales. This is one of the very few buildings in London, 
which M. Groiley allows to be equal to the hotels of the 
nobility in Paris. See his Tour to London, vol. i. p. 42. 
Having furveyed all that deferves notice on the fouth 
of Oxford-ftreet, we crofs over to the north, in order to 
defcribe a part of the metropolis which has been entirely 
built within the latter half of the laft century. To begin 
by that place fo often the fcene o: executions, (fee p. 118.) 
we mult acquaint our readers with the origin of Tyburn. 
The village of that name appears to have been nearly 
where the north-weft part of Oxford-ftreet now is : Mary- 
bone Court-houfe being fuppofed, from the number of 
human bones dug up there in 1729, to ftand upon the 
fite of the old church and cemetery belonging to it. 
This church, which was dedicated to John the Evangelift, 
being left alone by the highway fide, in confequence of 
the decay of the village, was robbed of its books, veft- 
ments, bells, images, and other decorations ; wherefore, 
the parilhioners petitioned the bilhop of London for leave 
to take down their old church, and ereft a new one elfe- 
D O N. 
where; which being readily granted, they, in the year 
1400, built a church, where they had for fome time a 
chapel; and the Itrufture, being dedicated to the virgin 
Mary, received the additional epithet of -borne, or bourn, 
from the neighbouring brook. This is the belt etymon 
that can be given of the name of this parilh. Some have 
fuppofed it to arife from the circumltance of fo many 
bodies having been buried -anciently in the cemetery, as 
if “ St. Mary le bone,” S£la Maria ab ojfibus : others as if it 
was originally S< 3 a Maria Bona, “ St. Mary the Good 
but we are of opinion it meant St. Mary le bourne, 
or brook, SEla Maria a rivulo, “ St. Mary by the 
brook.” However, if this were of any confequence, it 
might be eafily fettled by looking at the ancient deeds, if 
they are Kill in exiftence any where, which belonged to 
the convent erebted at Barking in ElTex for the lifter of 
St. Erkenwald, as mentioned at p. 398. The ancient 
cullom, we embrace this opportunity Ihortly to obferve, 
was to take a brook or a river as a fteady and lading fort 
of limit to property : hence the word bourne, or brook, 
was ufed for borne, or limit, a boundary to any fixed place ; 
and both words became fynonymous. Tyburn, therefore, 
is not derived, as fome will have it, of tye and burn., 
from the cld manner of capital punifhments ; but from 
the bourne, or brook, called Tye, Ty-bourne, running by 
the village to which it gave its name ; and mentioned 
in the Domefday-book, as a manor at that time belonging 
to the abbefs and nuns of the convent mentioned above ; 
and, in the decretal Sentence of Stephen archbilhop of 
Canterbury, in the great controverfy between Euftace bi¬ 
lhop of London, and William abbot of Weftminller, in 
the year 1222, this rivulet is exprefsiy called Tyburn. 
There was formerly a bridge over this rivulet, in Ox¬ 
ford-road ; and at the eaft end of it (food the lord-mayor’s 
banqueting-houfe, in the neighbourhood of which the 
citizens of London had nine conduits, that were erebled 
about the year 1238, for fupplying the city with water; 
but, having been fince better i'upplied from the New River, 
the citizens, in the year 1703, let the water of thefe con¬ 
duits on leafe, for feven hundred pounds per annum. 
While the water for the ufe of the city was derived from 
thefe conduits, it was ufual for the lord-mayor and aider- 
men on horfeback, accompanied by their ladies in wag¬ 
gons, to ride thither, occafionally, to view them ; after 
which they were entertained at the banqueting-houfe. 
Stow gives the following account of one of thele vifita- 
tions, on the 18th of September, 1562. “ The lord-maior 
(Harper,) aldermen, and many worlhipful perfons, and 
divers of the mafters and wardens of the twelve com¬ 
panies, rid to the conduit heads, (or to fee them, after 
the old cuftom: and afore dinner they hunted the hare, 
and killed her, and thence to dinner at the head of the 
conduit. There was a good number, entertained with 
good cheer by the chamberlain. And after dinner they 
went to hunting the fox. There was a great cry for a 
mile; and at length the hounds killed him, at the end of 
St. Giles’s. Great hallowing at his death, and blowing of 
homes. And thence the lord-maior, with all his com¬ 
pany, rode through London, to his place in Lumbard- 
ftreet.” This banqueting-houfe, under which were two 
cilterns for the reception of the water of the conduits, 
having been many years neglected by the citizens, was iix 
the year 1737, taken down, and the cilterns arched over. 
The old church, which was a very mean edifice, was 
pulled down, and the prefent edifice erefted, in 1741. It 
is a plain brick building, on each fide of which is a feries 
of final 1 arched windows; and the only ornaments be¬ 
longing to it, are a vafe at each corner, and a turret at 
the weft end. The church of Tyborne appears to have 
been anciently a vicarage, in the gift of the prior and 
convent of St. Lawrence de Blackmore, in the county of 
ElTex, who converted it into a curacy ; the advowfon of 
which continued in them till the diflblution of their priory. 
In the year 1553, Edward VI. granted it to Thomas Reve, 
to be held in lbccage of the manor of Eaft Greenwich ; 
fince 
