LON 
fettled in the fix regiments of trained bands, the effective 
strength of which was as follows : 
Number of men in the Blue Regiment x4.11 
in the Green 1566 
in the Yellow 1526 
in the Orange 1740 
in the Red 2089 
in the White 1630 
9963 
Officers and drums 336 
Totat 10,298 
Subfequent to the pafiod when this eftablilhment was 
made, the continued tranquillity of the city rendered any 
call upon their own forces unneceffary; in confequence of 
which, the trained bands went to decay, though they 
were nominally kept up, and the commilfions filled with 
the chief citizens ; each regiment being commanded by an 
alderman, who was alfo ufually a knight. But when, on 
the breaking out of the war with France, it was found 
necefl'ary to put forth all the energies of the country, the 
infufficiency of the trained bands was fo apparent, that a 
new fyftem was reforted to ; and, in July 1794, an aft of 
parliament was palled, for railing two regiments of mi¬ 
litia for the defence of the city, to be trained and exer- 
cifed under the fuperintendence of the commilfioners of 
lieutenancy; for which purpofe, two courts of lieute¬ 
nancy are held annually, viz. on the third Wednefdays 
in January and June. By the above aft, it was propoled 
to raife the men by ballot, in the following .manner : 
every perfoa or corporation within the city, polfeffed of 
a tenement of the annual value of fifteen pounds, and lei's 
than one hundred pounds, if ballotted, was to ferve, or 
find one fubftifute : from one to twm hundred pounds, to 
find two fubftitutes; and above two hundred pounds, 
three fubftitutes. This mode cf ballot, however, being 
found on trial to be attended with many inconveniencies, 
a fecond a£l was palled in May 1796, by which it was 
enacted, that a certain number of men (liould be raifed, 
to be called the Eaft and Welt Regiments of London Mi¬ 
litia ; and the expenfe be defrayed by an equal afleiTment 
upon the different parilhes. The commilfioners of lieu¬ 
tenancy for the city of London, are the lord-mayor, aider- 
men and their deputies, the recorder, chamberlain, and 
common-ferjeant, for the time being, with one hundred 
and fifty-five of the principal citizens, appointed by his 
majefty. Their ufual place of meeting is at Barbers’ 
Hall. 
Befides thele two regiments of militia, the city is de¬ 
fended by the Artillery Company, which is a voluntary 
enrolment of the younger citizens, and others, of long 
Handing. See Archery, and Artillery Company, 
vol. ii.—In addition to this force, which may be conli- 
dered as peculiar to the city of London, there is alfo a 
regiment of volunteer infantry belonging to the Bank, 
ami three regiments of the fame defcription belonging to 
the Ealt-India Company j all of which are compoled of 
the fefvants of thele two companies, and are officered by 
the directors and the principal perfons in their employ. 
Thele regiments were railed for the purpole of delending 
the immenfe property belonging to thefe bodies, in cafe 
of infurrection or invafion : but wdiether they will be kept 
up, now that peace is reltored, we are not informed. 
Ecclesiastical Government. —We have already 
fliown at p. 55, that the Chriftian religion was introduced 
into Britain, and that London was a bilhop’s fee, before 
the Romans abandoned it, although the Pagan w'orlhip of 
the Saxons appears to have lupplanted Chrillianity in the 
interval between that event and the converfion of the lat¬ 
ter people, which is attributed to Auguftine the monk, a 
miffionary from pope Gregory, who, in 604, conliituted 
Mellitus a bilhop, and lent him to preach among the Ealt 
Saxons, of whofe kingdom London w'as, at that time, the 
capital; and it has ever fince remained the chief city of the 
fee. This diocefe, which has never experienced any altec- 
D O N. 5Q$ 
ation, being formed of the ancient kingdom of the Eaft 
Saxons, is in the province of Canterbury, and is com- 
pofed of the counties of Middlefex, Elfex, and part of 
Hertfordlhire. It is governed by a bilhop, w’ho is affifted 
by a dean, precentor, chancellor, treafurer, five archdea¬ 
cons, thirty canons or prebendaries, twelve petty or mi¬ 
nor canons, fix vicars choral, a fub-dean, and other infe¬ 
rior officers. The diocefe comprehends not only Middle¬ 
fex, Elfex, and part of Hertfordfnire, but the Britilh plan¬ 
tations in America. The bilhop of London, in common 
with all the billiops of the realm, has the power of hold¬ 
ing a court in his own diocefe, for the trial and punilh- 
ment of fpiritual offences ; in which he may either fit as 
judge himfelf, or depute liis power to a chancellor, fuf- 
fragan, or other officer. The billiops’ courts, therefore, 
though held by the king’s authority, are not properly to 
be accounted the king’s courts, fince none of the judges 
polfefs this privilege, neither are writs from them iffued 
in the name of the king, but of the bilhop. In prece¬ 
dence, the bilhop of London ranks next after the two arch- 
bilhops, and is Ityled, in fome of the old ftatutes, primus 
baro regni, “ firll baron of the kingdom the ecclelialtical 
barons taking precedence of all the temporal barons. It 
is alfo the privilege of this diocefe, not to be fubieft to 
the vilitation of the archbilhop of Canterbury ; there are, 
however, thirteen parilhes in the city under his immediate 
government, and Ityled his peculiars, which are exempt 
from the bilhop’s jurifdiclion ; viz. Allhallows, Bread- 
ftreet; Allhallows, Lombard-ftreet; St. Dionis Back- 
church, Fenchurch-ltreet; St. Dunftan in the Eaft; St. 
John Buptift ; St. Leonard Eaftcheap ; St. Mary Alder- 
mary ; St. Mary Bothaw ; St. Mary le Bow; St. Mi¬ 
chael, Crooked lane; St. Michael Royal; St. Pancras, So- 
per-lane ; and St. Vedaft, Fofter-lane. 
The dean is to affift the bilhop in ordinations, depriva¬ 
tions, and other affairs of .the church ; and, on the king’s 
writ of conge d'chrc, the dean and prebendaries eleff the 
bilhop; but this election is now a mere matter of form, 
fince the perfon recommended by the king is always 
cholen. The dean is alfo elected by the chapter, on let¬ 
ters milfive from the king, whofe alfent muft be obtained 
before the bilhop can confirm and give power to inftal him. 
The precentor, or chanter, is to lnperintend the church- 
mulic. Under him is a Lib-chanter, who officiates in his 
abfence. The fecond Hall, on the north fide of the choir 
of St. Paul’s cathedral, belongs to this officer, whofe corps 
is in the church of Stortford, of which he is proprietor, 
and perpetual redlor, and patron of the vicarage.—The 
chancellor was anciently called magijler fcholarum , from 
having had the charge ot literature within the city of 
London, whereby he was empowered to licenfe all the 
fchool-maiters in the city, except thole of St. Mary-le-Bow 
and St. Martin-le-Grand; but at prelent, he is only ie- 
cretary to the chapter. He has the third Hall on the north 
fide of the choir, and his corps is in the church of Bore- 
ham and Yelling.—The treafurer has the cultody of the 
valuables belonging to the cathedral church of St. Paul; 
for the faithful keeping of which he is fworn before the 
dean and chapter. He has the third Hall on the loath fide 
of the choir, and his corps is in the church of Pelham 
and Aldebri. Under him is the facrilt, who is alfo fworn 
to the faithful difeharge of his office, three vergers, and 
the inferior fervants ot the church. 
The five archdeaconries are thofe of London, Elfex, 
Middlefex, Colchefter, and St. Alban’s. Their office is 
to vifit the feveral cures within their refpeftive archdea¬ 
conries, and to enquire into the reparations and moveables 
belonging to them ; to reform flight abides in ecclelialtical 
matters, and to bring affairs of moment before the bilhop. 
It is alfo the office dt the archdeacon to induct clerks into 
their benefices upon the bilhop’s mandate.—The thirty 
canons, or prebendaries, with the bilhop, compofe the 
chapter, by which the affairs of the church are managed. 
All the prebends are in the collation of the bilhop, and 
out of them there are three refidentiarie#, befides the dean; 
for 
