6c(5 LON 
importation-trade from Gafcony* They were incorpo¬ 
rated in the year 14.37, by letters patent of Henry VI. by 
the name of “The Matter, Wardens, and Freemen and 
Commonalty, of the Myftery of Vintners of the City of 
.London but without the power of making bye-laws. 
This company is governed by a matter, three wardens, 
and twenty-eight afliftants. The freemen belonging to 
this company have the peculiar privilege of retailing wine 
without a licenfe. They have confiderable poffeilions, 
out of which they pay large turns annually for the relief 
of the poor. 
Arms: Sable, a chevron between three tuns argent. 
We find neither fupporters, crelt, nor motto, to thfcfe 
afms, which were granted by Clarenceux in 144.2.—The 
reafon why this company chofe St. Martin for their pa¬ 
tron is fully Hated in the account of the hall, at p. 425. 
12. Clothyvorkers.—T his company was at firlt in¬ 
corporated by letters patent of Edward IV. in the year 
1482, by the name of “The Fraternity of the Aflump- 
tion of the Bleffed Virgin Mary, of the Shearmen of Lon¬ 
don ;” which was confirmed by Henry VIII. in the year 
1528. But, they being afterwards re-incorporated by 
queen Elizabeth, file changed their firlt title to that of 
« The Mafter, Wardens, and Commonalty of Freemen, of 
the Art and Myftery of Clothworkers of the City of'Lon¬ 
don.” The laft charter w>as confirmed by Charles I. in 
1634. They are governed by a mailer, four wardens, and 
thirty-nine (Highmore fays 33) afliftants. The livery- 
fine is twenty pounds. They have confiderable eftates 
both in their own right, and in truft for others ; out of 
which they pay large fums of annually to charitable pur- 
poles.—Their hall, which is in Mincing-lane, Fenchurch- 
itreet, has been deferibed at p. 437. 
Arms: Sable, a chevron argent, between babies in 
chief argent, and a thiltle in bale flipped or. Crelt _; on 
a mount vert, a ram ftatant or. Supporters ; two griffins 
or, pellettee. Motto, My trull is in God alone.—Patro- 
•aefs j the Virgin Mary, for the reafons ftated before, 
Plate IX. 
j 3, Dyers. —This company was incorporated by Ed¬ 
ward IV. in the year 1472, by the name of “ The War¬ 
dens and Commonalty of the Myftery of Dyers of Lon¬ 
don.” Among other privileges granted to this company 
by their charter, is that of keeping fwans on the river 
Thames. This was originally one of the twelve principal 
companies. It is governed by two wardens and thirty 
afliftants; the livery-fine is fifteen pounds.—Their hall is 
in Elbow-lane, for a defeription of which, fee p. 4.29. and 
fora ftiort account of their alms-houfes, fee p.489. 
Arms: Azure, a chevron engrailed argent, between 
three bags of madder of the laft, corded or. Crelt; aip 
saltern crown or, filled with green. Supporters; two 
leopards, rampant gardant argent, fpotted with various 
roundels, fire ilfuing from their ears and mouth proper, 
both ducally crowned or. Motto, Dagloriam Deo, “Give 
glory to God.” 
14. Brewers. —The Brewers’ Company was incorpo¬ 
rated by Henry VI. in the year 1438, by the name of “ The 
Mafter, and Keepers or Wardens, and Commonalty, of 
•the Myftery or Art of Brewers of the City of London.” 
Edward IV. not only confirmed that charter, but granted 
them a further power to make bye-laws. They are go¬ 
verned by a matter, three wardens, and twenty-eight af- 
fiftants ; livery-fine, 61 . 13s. 4c!.—Their hall is in Addle- 
ttreet: it is a large and commodious building, fupported 
by very neat pillars, and with a handforae entrance into a 
court paved with free-ltone. 
Arms: Gules, on a chevron argent, between three pair 
of barley-garbs in faltier or, three tuns fable. This cor¬ 
poration anciently bore the arms of Thomas-a-Becket im¬ 
paled with their own ; but, that faint’s bones being taken 
up and burnt, and unfainted, by the powers in being, Cla¬ 
renceux king at arms, in the year 1544, leparated them, 
and gave the Brewers a-crelt in lieu thereof; which is. 
D O N. 
a demi Moorifti woman, couped at the knees proper, her 
hair dilhevelled or, habited fable, frette argent, her arms 
extended, holding in each hand three ears of barley of the 
cond. Motto, In God is all our truft. 
15. Leather-sellers. —Thefe were incorporated by 
a charter from Henry VI, in 1442, by the ftyle of “ The 
Wardens and Society of the Myftery, or Art, of Leather- 
fellers of the City of London,” And, by a grant from 
Henry VII. the wardens of this company were empowered 
to infpeft Iheep, lamb, and calf, leather, throughout the 
kingdom, in order to prevent frauds in thofe commo¬ 
dities. The corporation is governed by a matter, who is 
called prime, three wardens, and twenty-fix aftiftants ; and 
the fine, on admiifion to the livery, is twenty pounds.—. 
Since their hall has been pulled down, this company meet& 
in a houfe in Little St. Helen’s. See p. 455 and 483. 
Arms: Argent, three bucks trippant regardant gules, 
attired and unguled fable. Crelt; a buck trippant gules 
Supporters ; the dexter a buck or, attired fable ; the finif- 
ter a ram argent, attired or. Motto, Soli Deo honor etgloria, 
“ To God alone be honour and glory.” 
16. Peyvterers. —Incorporated by letters patent of 
Edward IV. in the year 1474, by the title of “ The Mafter, 
Wardens, and Commonalty, of the Art and Myftery of 
Pewterers of the City of London.” In the year 1534, the 
wardens of this company, or their deputies, were empow¬ 
ered by aft of parliament to have the infpeftion of pewter 
in all parts of the kingdom, in order to prevent the fale 
of bafe pewter, and the importation of pewter velfels from 
abroad ; and, as a farther encouragement to this company, 
all Engliflimen are by the faid aft Itriftly enjoined not to 
repair to any foreign country to teach the art or myftery 
of pewterers, on pain of disfranchifement; and, for the 
more effectually preventing the art from being carried 
abroad, no pewterer (hall take as an apprentice the fon of 
an alien. This corporation is governed by a mafter, two 
wardens, and twenty-eight afliftants: livery-fine, twenty 
pounds. Their hall is in Lime-ltreet. See p. 453. 
Arms : Argent, on a chevron or, between three antique 
limbecs argent, as many rofes gules, feeded of the fecond, 
barbed vert. Crelt; out of a mount vert, two arms ein- 
bowed proper, veiled argent, cuffed gules, holding in both 
hands ereft a difli of the third. Supporters ; two fea- 
liorfes or, their tails proper. Motto, In God is all my 
trull. 
17. Barbers.'—T he art of furgery was anciently prac- 
tifed in this city only by the barbers, who were incorpo¬ 
rated by letters patent in the year 1461 ; and in 1512, an 
aft was palfed to prevent any perfons befides the barbers 
from practifing furgery within the city of London, and 
feven miles round, except fuch as were duly examined 
and admitted by the bilhop of London, or dean of St. 
Paul’s, and fuch perfons expert in furgery as they fiiouid 
think proper to call to their alfiltance. At length, feveral 
perfons who were not barbers being examined and admit¬ 
ted as practitioners in the art of furgery, the parliament 
united them in the thirty-fecond year of Henry VIII. by 
the appellation of “ The Mafter or Governors of the Myf¬ 
tery or Commonalty of Barbers and Surgeons of the City 
of London and, by this act, all perfons praftifing the 
art of lhaving were Itriftly enjoined not to intermeddle 
with that of furgery, except what belonged to drawing of 
teeth. Thus this company obtained the name of Barber- 
Surgeons, which they continued to enjoy till the eigh¬ 
teenth of George II. when the Surgeons, applying to par¬ 
liament to have this union dilfoived, were formed into a 
feparate company ; though the Barbers were left in pof- 
feifiun of the hall and theatre, and were conttituted a 
body politic, under the name of “ The Mafter, Governors, 
and Commonalty, ot the Myftery of Barbers of London.” 
This company is under the government of a matter, three 
wardens, and twenty-fix afliftants; the livery-fine is ten 
pounds. The hall is in Monkwell-ftreet: fee p. 483. 
Arms: Quarterly, firlt and fourth (able, a chevron be¬ 
tween three razors argent; fecond and third argent, a rote 
ghks 
