LON 
all the hiflorica! works relative to that country, Is highly 
adeemed by all engaged ill limilar itudies, and ranks 
among the great productions of the reign of Louis XV. 
A new edition of it in live volumes folio, was given by 
M. ds Fontete in 1768 et feq. Father le Long alfo pub- 
lifhed an Hiftorical Difcourfe on Polyglot Bibles, and 
their feveral editions, 8vo. 1713. He had planned a new 
collection of the French hidorians, but did not live to 
put into execution. Moreri. 
LONG (Roger), a learned Englifli divine and aftrono- 
mical profelTpr, was born about the year 1679, in the 
county of Norfolk, but in what place vve are not informed. 
Cambridge was his alma mater 5 and in that unlverlity he 
became mailer of Pembroke-hall, was admitted to the de¬ 
gree of D.D. and appointed Lowndes’s profeffor of afcro- 
nomy and geometry. Dr. Long had alfo the honour of 
being elected a fellow of the Royal Society. His eccle- 
fiaftical preferments were, the rectory of Cherry Hinton in 
Huntingdonfliire, and of Bradwell juxta Mare in Effex. 
He was the author of a well-known and much-approved 
treatife of Aftronomy, in five books, forming two volumes 
4-to. the firft of which was publiflied in 174.3, the fecond 
in 1764; and he was the inventor of a very curious astro¬ 
nomical machine, erected in a room at Pembroke-hall; 
which was a hollow fphere, of eighteen feet diameter, in 
which more than thirty perfons might fit conveniently. 
Within-fide the furface, which reprefented the heavens, 
were painted the itars and conltellations, with the zodiac, 
meridians; and it had an axis, parallel to the axis of the 
world, upon which it was eafily turned round by a winch. 
An engraving of this Uranium, as the d oft or called it, is 
given as a frontifpiece to the fecond volume of his Af¬ 
tronomy, to which is alfo prefixed a particular defcrip- 
tion and explanation of the machine. Hutton's Math. Difi. 
LONG AS'TON, a village in Somerfetfnire; four miles 
from Briftol. 
LONG'-BACKED, adj. Having a long back. 
LONG BA'LL, a village in Dorfetlhire, near Brand- 
fey-ifland. 
LONG BA'Y, a bay on the ead coaft of Jamaica. Lat. 
18. 8. N. Ion. 76. W.—A bay on the welt coaft of the 
fame ifland. Lat. 18.20. N. lon.78.2t-W.—A bay on 
the fouth coaft of the fame ifland ; fix miles ead of Calli- 
bafh bay.—A bay of America, extending along the diore 
of North and South Carolina, from Cape Fear to the mouth 
of Fedee-river.—A bay on the wed fide of the ifland of 
Barbadoes; another on the fouth fide of the fame ifland. 
LONG BEACH, a village in Kent, near Charing. 
LONG'-BOAT,/ - . The larged boat belonging to a Ihip. 
—At the fil’d defcent on fliore, he did countenance the 
landing in his long-boat. Wotton. 
LONG'-BOW. See Archery, vol. ii. 
LONG'-BREATHED, adj. Having good breath; long- 
winded. 
LONG-CANE CREE'K, a river of South Carolina, 
which runs into the Savanna in lat. 33. 45. N. Ion. 82.11. W. 
LONG' CHAPEL, a village in Shropfhire ; north-wed 
of Wellington. 
LONG COP'PICF., a village in Hampfhire, in the pa- 
rifli of Warbiington. 
LONG DIT'CH, Northamptondiire, a caufeway that 
runs by Collham-bridge, through Welt-Deeping, to Lin- 
colnfhire. 
LONG DIT'TON. See Kingston, voi. xi. p. 749. 
LONG-EA'RED, adj. Having long ears. 
LONG FOR'GAN, a town of Scotland, in the county 
of Perth, erefted into a burgh of barony in 1674, by 
Charles II. twelve miles ead-north-ealt of Perth. 
LONG-HAN'DED, adj. Having long hands. Johnfon. 
LONG-HEAD'ED, adj. Having a large dretch of 
thought; penetrating, fubtile. 
LONG HOR'SLEY, a village in Northumberland, near 
Widdrington Cadle. The church ltands at a diltance 
from the town. 
LON 610 
LONG-HOU-KO'EN, a town of China, in the province 
of Hou-quang: fifty-two miles fouth-fouth-wed of Tao. 
LONG-JOINT'ED, adj. Having long loofe joints. 
LONG I'SLAND, a final 1 ifland near the welt coaft of 
Scotland. Lat. 56, 15. N. Ion. 5. 37. W. 
LONG I'SLAND, an ifland of America, formerly called 
Manhattan, afterwards Najfau IJlo.nd, difcovered by Henry 
Hudfon, an Englifhman, in 1609; and now belonging to 
the date of New York. It extends from Huftfon-river, 
oppofite to Staten-ifland, almoft to the wedern boundaries 
of the coad of Rhode-ifland, terminating with Montauk- 
point. Its length is about 104 miles, and its medial breadth 
from ten to fourteen miles; and it is feparated from Con- 
nefticut by Long-Idand Sound. It contains 3400 fquare 
miles, and is divided into three counties, viz. King’s, 
Queen’s, and Suffolk; and thefe are again fubdivided 
into nineteen townfliips. The north fide of the idand is 
rough and hilly, but the foil is well adapted for railing 
grain, hay, and fruit. The fouth fide of the ifland lie* 
low, and its foil is light and fandy. On the fea-coad are 
extenfive traftts of falt-meadow, which extend from South¬ 
ampton to the weft end of the idand. Neverthelefs, the 
foil is well adapted to the culture of grain, efpecially In¬ 
dian corn. Near the middle of the idand is Hampdead- 
plain, in Queen’s County, which is fixteen miles long, and 
about eight broad. This plain, the foil of which is black, 
and apparently rich, yields naturally a particular kind of 
wild grals and a few flmibs ; but it produces Come rye, 
and furnifhes, together with the fait marlhes, food for large 
herds of cattle. On the end part of the ifland, ead of 
Hampdead-plain, is a large barren heath, called Brufhy- 
plain, overgrown with fhrub-oak, intermixed with a few 
pine-trees, which afford harbour to wild deer and groufe. 
In a bay on the fouth fide of the ifland, vad quantities of 
oyfters are taken, and alfo of bafs. The larged river in 
the idand is Peakonok, which is but an inconfiderabl* 
dream; it runs ead, and difcharges itftelf into a large bay 
that feparates Southhold from Southampton. In this bay 
are Robin and Shelter iflands. Rockonkama-pond lies 
about the centre of the ifland, between Smith-town and 
Iflip ; it is about a mile in circumference, and has been 
found to rife gradually for feveral year*, until it had ar¬ 
rived to a certain height, and then to fall more rapidly to 
its lowed bed ; and thus itii continually ebbing and flow¬ 
ing. Two miles to the fouth ward of the pond is a dream, 
called Connecticut River, which runs into the bay. There 
are two whale-filheries; one from Sogg-harbour, which 
produces about 1000 barrels of oil annually; the other is 
much linaller, and is carried on by the inhabitants in the 
winter feafon, from the fouth fide of the ifland. They 
commonly catch from three to feven whales in a feafon, 
which produce from twenty-five to forty barrels of oil each. 
This fifliery was formerly a fource of confiderable wealth 
to the inhabitants, but, on account of a fcarcityof whales, 
it has of late years much declined. From Sogg-harbour 
to the Wed Indies and other places, there is a confidera¬ 
ble trade in whale-oil, pitch, pine-boards, horfes, cattle, 
flax-feed, beef, See. The produce of the middle and weft- 
ern parts of the idand is carried to New York. The ifland 
contains 42,097 inhabitants, of whom 3893 are Haves. 
Morfe. 
LONG I'SLAND, an ifland of Virginia, at the mouth 
of York River. 
LONG I'SLAND, an ifland in Penobfcot Bay, on the 
coad of Main : ten miles long, and one and a half broad. 
LONG I'SLAND, an ifland of America, on the coad of 
Main : four miles long, and one and a half wide. Lat. 44. 
20. N. Ion. 68. 20. W. 
LONG I'SLAND, an ifland near the fouth coad of Ja¬ 
maica. Lat. 17. 51. N. Ion. 76. 58. W. 
LONG I'SLAND, an idand near the north coad of the 
ifland'of Antigua. Lat. 17. 17. N. Ion. 61.28. W. 
LONG I'SLAND, an ifland in Hudfon’s Straits. Lat. 
61. N. Ion. 75. W. 
LONG 
