624 L O N 
lie in one year fo far fecured the good opinion of the pro- 
feffors of that univerfity, that they recommended him, in 
the ftrongeft terms, as an affiftant to the illuftrious Tycho 
Brahe. It was in 1589 that he waited on that celebrated 
aftronomer, who then refided in the itiand of Huen, from 
whom he met with fo favourable a reception, that he 
continued with him eight years. During that period, he 
afforded Tycho much afiiftance in obferving the heavens, 
and in his calculations; and was fo accurate, fo laborious, 
and tkilful, that he won the particular regard and efteem 
of that great man. This is evident from the letters which 
Tycho wrote to him in 1598 and 1599, after his departure 
from Danmark to Bohemia; in which he ftrongly urged 
Longomontanus to join him in that country. With this 
requeft the latter complied, and went to Tycho at the 
cattle of Benach near Prague, where he continued to afiift 
him for fome time in his aftronomical labours. At length, 
the delire which he had of tilling a profeffor’s chair in 
Denmark determined him to Return to his native country ; 
when Tycho, who parted with him very reluctantly, gave 
him a difcharge filled with the higheft teftimonies of his 
elteem, and furniihed him with fufficient money to defray 
the expenfe of his long journey. 
Longomontanus returned to Denmark by a circuitous 
route through Poland, in order to view the fcene of Co¬ 
pernicus’s attronomical labours ; and, when he arrived at 
Copenhagen, the chancellor Christian Friis proved a Me- 
casnas to him, and gave him an honourable employment 
in his family. In 1603, he quitted the chancellor, upon 
his having received the appointment of reCtor of the col¬ 
lege of Wiburg; which he retained till the year 1605, 
when he was nominated to a profeSTorflnp of mathematics 
in the univerfity of Copenhagen. He was now placed in 
a fituation which had ever been the object of his higheft 
ambition, and for which his genius and talents peculiarly 
qualified him ; and hedifcharged the duties of it with the 
greateft ability, and higheft reputation, till his death, 
which took place in 164.7, when he was about the age of 
eighty-five.' He was the author of various works, which 
difcover great talents in mathematics and aftronomy. 
The 1110ft diftinguifhed of them, is his Aftronomia Danica, 
firft printed in 162a, in 4to. and afterwards in folio, with 
confiderable augmentations, in 1633 and 1640. It con¬ 
tains all the great discoveries of Regiomontanus, Purhach, 
and Tycho Brahe; and it propofes Some alterations in the 
fiyftem of the latter, which, without difconcerting any of 
its parts, would, he imagined, preclude fome of the ftrongeft: 
objections which were made to it. Gaflendi fays, in the 
life of Tycho Brahe, that this work belongs to Tycho ra¬ 
ther than to Longomontanus; becaufe that the tables of 
the celeftial motions, contained in them, were begun un¬ 
der the infpection of Tycho Brahe, and were completed 
from a collection of his feleCt obfervations, which Lon- 
gomontanus had copied for his ufe. Longomontanus 
aanufed himfelf with endeavouring to fquare the circle, 
and pretended that he had made the difcovery of it; but 
our countryman Dr. Pell proved that he was miftaken. 
It is remarkable that, obfcure as his native place and fa¬ 
ther were, he contrived to dignify and eternize them both ; 
by taking his name from that village, and in the tit'e-page 
to fome of his works, calling himfelf, Chriftianus Longo¬ 
montanus, Severini Filius, his lather’s name being Severin, 
or Severinus. Hutton. 
LONGOTO'MA, a river of Chili, which runs into the 
Pacific Ocean in lat. 31. 30. S. 
LONGOTO'MA, a town of Chili, on the north fide of 
the river fo called : eighty-four miles fouth of Coquimbo. 
LONG'PARISH, a village in Hampfhire, between Bar- 
ton-Stacey and Andover. 
LONG'PQRT, a village in Staffordfhire, near Newcaf- 
tle-under-Tfine, on the line of the StafFordlhire Canal, with 
a wharf belonging to the company. 
LONG'SIDE, a town of Scotland, in the county of 
Aberdeen: four miles weft of Peterhead. 
LONG SOME, adj. [from long.] Tedious; wearifome 
LON 
by Its length.—They found the war fo churlifti and 
longfome, as they.grew then to a refolution, that, as long as 
England ftood in ftate to fuccour thofe countries, they 
fiiould but confume themfelves in an endlefs war. Bacon's 
War with Spain. 
When chill’d by adverfe fnotvs, and beating rain, 
We tread with wearied fteps the longfome plain. Prior, 
LONG'SPIEL,/. A very ancient mufical inftrumenf, 
found by fir Jofeph Banks and Dr. Solander in Iceland, 
when they vifited that country in 1773. This inftru- 
ment, of a long and narrow form, and ftrung with four 
firings of copper, is extremely rude and clumly. One of 
the four firings is ufed as a drone ; the reft are played with 
a bow. Pieces of wood are placed at different diitances 
on the finger-board, to ferve as frets. It feems, indeed, to 
have been the primitive idea of a fiddle ; and is a proof 
that: the ufe of the bow, that wonderful engine, which the 
ancients, with all their ingenuity and mufical refinements, 
had never been able to difcover, was known by the Scalds 
in Iceland at ieaft as early as in any other part ol Europe. 
LONG'STOCK, a village in Hampftiire, bet ween Dun- 
bury-hill and Stockbridge. 
LONG'STON, a village in Derbyftiire, in the high peak. 
LONG'THORP, a village in the north riding of York- 
fhire, near Bedale.—A village near Peterborough in North¬ 
ampton (hi re. 
LONG'TON, a village of StafFordlhire, in the parifii of 
Stoke-upon-Trent, near Rudgley. Its church lies on the 
weft fide of the village, which confifts of fcattered houfes, 
extending for a vaft way on each fide of the road. It was 
formerly full of gentlemen’s feats. 
LONG'TON, a townfhip of Lancafhire, with a popula¬ 
tion of 904: fix miles fouth-weit of Prefton. 
LONG'TON, or Longtown, a town in Cumberland, 
on the Scottifh borders, near the conflux of the Efk and 
Kirkfop : nine miles from Carlifle, and 307 from London. 
It has a market on Thurfday, and a charity-fchool for 
fixty children ; fairs on Whit-Monday, and Thurfday af¬ 
ter November zz. 
Longtown Hands in the midft of the eftate of fir James 
Graham, of Netherby, whofe predeceffor, Dr. Robert 
Graham, may be confidered as having been the principal 
canfe of the profperous ftate of this part of Cumberland. 
Under his patronage Longtown became populous; and, by 
conrtruCting the little harbour at Sarkfoot, he furnifhed 
the people with an eafy mode of exporting their produce, 
and fupplying themfelves with neceftaries. Netherby, the 
feat of fir James Graham, is much celebrated in the topo¬ 
graphical annals of this county, from the vaft improve¬ 
ments that were made here during the latter part of the 
laft century ; nor is it lefs interefting to the antiquary from 
the aflemblage of Roman remains that have been here pre- 
ferved ; and from its having been a Roman ftation. The 
manfion, which ftands on an eminence near the river Elk, 
was ereCted by the late Dr. Graham, about the year 1760, 
but has been much improved by the prefent proprietor. 
It is elegantly fitted up ; and contains a valuable collec¬ 
tion of ancient and modern medals, and a library furnifiied 
with a felection of claftic and other valuable authors. The 
gardens and pleafure grounds are difpofed with much tafte 
and judgment. Beauties of England and Wales. 
LONG'TOWN, a townfhip of Herefordfhire, on the 
borders of Monmouthfhire, with 768 inhabitants : eigh-» 
teen miles weft-fouth-weft of Hereford. 
LONGUE', a town of France, in the department of the 
Mayne and Loire: feven miles north of Saumur, and ten 
fouth of Bauge. 
LONGUE', a fmall ifland in the Indian Sea, ten miles 
north of the Mauritius. 
LONGU'EIL, a town of Canada, on the St. Laurence. 
Lat. 45. 36. N. Ion, 73. W. 
LONGU'EIL (Chriftopher de), a man of letters, born 
at Mechlin in 1488, was natural fon of Antony de Lon- 
gueil, bifhop of Leon. He was taken young to Paris, 
where 
5 
