626 LON 
iron-forge and cannon-foundery : feven miles fouth-weft 
of Longwy, and twenty-two weft of Thionville. Lat. 
49.27.N. Ion. 5. 41. E. 
LON'GUS, the author of a romance in Greek profe, en¬ 
titled rioiy.tuxw, Paftorals, relating the loves of Daphnis 
and Chloe, is fuppofed to have lived as late as the reign 
-of Theodolius the Great; but nothing is known of him, 
nor is he mentioned by any of the ancients. His work is 
a curious fpecimen of that kind of compofition in its 
dimpled form, and contains many defcriptive beauties ; 
5 but fome of its fcenes are fuch as the lowelt modern writer 
would fcarcely venture to paint. Several editions of it 
liave been given, among which is one at Paris, 4to. 1718, 
decorated with plates from the defigns of the regent duke 
of Orleans, towhofe tafte it was fuited. The belt edition 
is that of Villoifon, Gr. Lat. Jvo. 2 vols. Paris, 1778. It 
has alfo appeared in the fplendid typography of Bodoni 
at Parma. There is an Englilh tranflation of this author, 
•which is afcribed to Mr. J. Craggs, once fecretary of Itate. 
LONG'WARD, a village in Herefordfkire, eaft of 
Hereford. 
LONG'WAYS, adv. In the longitudinal dire&ion.— 
This ifland Hands as a vaft mole, which lies longways, 
almoft in a parallel line to Naples. AddiJ'en. 
LONG'WISE, adv. In the longitudinal direction.—He 
was laid upon two beds, the one joined Icngwife unto the 
other, both which he filled with his length. Hakcwill. 
LONG'WORTH, a village in Berklliire,on the Thames; 
to the weft of Abingdon. 
LONG'WORTH, a village in Lancafliire, to the eaft 
of Chcrley. 
LONG'WORTH (Lower,) a village in Herefordfhire, 
aiear Hereford. 
LONGWY', a town of France, and principal place of a 
diftrict, in the department of the Mofelle, fituated on the 
Chiers. This place was only a village, furrounded with 
three Iharp mountains, on which a new town was built 
by Louis XIV. and fortified by Vauban. In the year 
1792, this town was taken by the Aullrians, under the 
command of general Clairfait, who prefented himfelf be¬ 
fore it at the head of 60,000 men, on the atll of Auguft, 
and bombarded the town for fifteen hours, when it fur- 
rendered ; not without fufpicion of treachery, as the gar- 
rifon was furnifhed with 3500 men, and well lupplied with 
provifions, artillery, and ammunition ; this was the firft 
place attacked, but it did not remain long in the hands 
of the e^iemy, for it was retaken in October following, the 
capitulation being ligned the 14th of Oflober, and pof- 
felfion given to general Valence on the 22d : feven pofts 
north-north-weft of Mentz, and 37^ eaft of Paris. Lat. 
49. 32. N. Ion. 5. 50. E. 
LONGWY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Jura, on the Doubs : nine miles fouth of Dole. 
LONHAN'KO, a town of Birmah: lixty-five miles 
north of Munchaboo. 
LO'NIA, a river of Crotia,_ which rifes near Graben, 
and runs into the Velika fix miles fouth of Ivantz. 
LON'ICER (John), a learned German, born in 1499 : 
after having received a good education, he became a pro- 
fefTor at Marpurg, where he died about the year 1560. 
He was author of a Greek and Latin Lexicon, and pub- 
lifhed an edition of Diofcorides. 
LON'ICER (Adam), a phyfician and writer in natural 
liiftory, fon of the preceding, was born at Marpurg in 
1528. He ftudied at his native place and at Mentz ; and, 
after taking the degree of doff or of phyfic in 1554, fet¬ 
tled at Frankfort on the Maine as public phyfician of 
that city. He exercifed this office with great reputation 
for thirty-two years, and died in 1586. He wrote fome 
profeflional works; but is only known by his publication 
on natural liiftory, entitled, “ Naturalis Hiftorite Opus 
novum, quo tradlantur de Natura Arborum, Frudfuum, 
Herbarum, Animantiumque Terreftrium, Volatillum & 
Aquatilium, item Gemmarum, Metallorum, &c. Deledtu 
& Ufu,” in two parts, fol. Frankf. 1551 and 1555, both 
reprinted in 1660. Tl\e fecond part chiefly treats on 
LON 
plants, Cfpecially thofe growing about Frankfort; and con¬ 
tains an onomafticon, or catalogue of names in various 
languages. The work is founded on that of Cuba, with 
great improvements and additions, in which Lonicer was 
affifted by his father-in-law Egenoif. It has been tranf- 
lated into German, and frequently reprinted. 
LONICE'RA, f. [fo named by Linnaeus, from the fuh- 
je£I of the preceding article.] The Honeysuckle, or 
Woodbine ; in botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, 
order monogynia, natural order of aggregate, (caprifolia, 
Jujf.) The generic characters are—Calyx :'perianthium 
five parted, fuperior, finall. Corblla: one-petalled, tu¬ 
bular; tube oblong, gibbous ; 'border five-parted ; divi- 
fions revolute, one of which is more deeply feparated. 
Stamina: filaments five, awl-fiiaped, nearly the length of 
the corolla ; antherte oblong. Piftillum : germ roundiffi, 
inferior; ftyle filiform, the length of the corolla; ftignm 
obtufe-headed. Pericarpium : berry umbilicated, two- 
celled. Seeds: roundifh, comprefled.— EJJential CharaElcr, 
Corolla one-petalled, irregular; berry many-feeded, two- 
celled, inferior; (in xylofteum one-celled, in alpigena 
three-celled. Gartner .) 
Some authors feparate this natural genus of ffirubs ; 
keeping the firft fettion, or Periclymena of Linnaeus to¬ 
gether under the name of Caprifolium \ the fecond, feftion 
or Chammcerafa, under the name of Xylcjleum ; and the 
third with the name of Diervilla. The firft have twining 
Items, the leaves of fome connate, the flowers feffile in ter¬ 
minating heads or whorls feveral together. The fecond 
have upright Items, and the peduncles two-flowered, ax¬ 
illary and folitary. The third have many-flowered axiL 
lary and terminating peduncles. 
Species. I. Periclymena, with a twining Item. 1. I.o- 
nicera caprifolium, or Italian honeyfuckle: flowers rin- 
gent in terminating whorls; leaves deciduous; the upper 
ones connate-perfoliate. The firft fort is commonly called 
the Italian honeyfuckle; of this there are two or three va¬ 
rieties. The early white honeyfuckle is one; this is the 
firft which flowers, always appearing in May. The 
branches of this are ilender, covered w ith a light green 
bark, and garniflied with oval leaves of a thin texture, 
placed by pairs, fitting dole to the branches, but thofe 
which are fituated towards the end of the branches, join 
at their bafe, fo that the ftalk feems as if it came through 
the leaves. The flowers are produced in whorled bunches 
at the end of the branches ; they are white, and have a 
very fragrant odour, but are of fliort duration, fo that in 
about a fortnight they are entirely over ; and foon after 
the leaves appear as if blighted and fickly, making an in¬ 
different appearance the whole fummer, which has ren¬ 
dered them lefs valued than the others. The other va¬ 
riety is the yellow Italian honeyfuckle, which is the next 
in lucceffion to the white. The (hoots of this are much 
like thofe of the former, but have a darker bark ; the leaves 
are alfo of a deeper green ; the flowers are of a yellowifh 
red, and appear foon after the white; they are not of 
much longer duration, and are fucceeded by red berries, 
containing one hard feed inclofed in a foft pulp, which 
ripens in the autumn. Native of the fouth of Europe. 
Cultivated by Gerard in 1596. It feems then not to 
have been long known; for Gerard fays, “the double 
lionifuckle grow'eth now in my garden, and many others 
likewife in great plenty, although not long iince very 
rare and hard to be found, except in the garden of fome 
diligent herbarift.” Italian honeyfuckle is named in Ger¬ 
man geijblatt, durchwachs, je langer je licber, waldlilie, wald- 
zoinde, gilgenconfort ; in Dutch, ltalianjche kampcrfolie, ca~ 
prifolie , geitenbtad ; in Danifli, ltalicenjk gedeblad, Skovlilie ; 
in Swedilh , Italienjl getblad in French, clievrefeuille des jar- 
dins, or d'Italic ; in Italian, madrefelva, caprjoglio; in bpa- 
nifli, madrefelva ; in Portuguefe; matrifylva. 
2. Lonicera dioica, or glaucous honeyfuckle : whorls 
fubcapitate bracfed ; leaves deciduous, glaucous beneath, 
the upper ones connate-perfoliate ; corollas ringent, gib¬ 
bous at the bafe. Murray called this fpecies media , be- 
caufe it has the Item and manner of flowering as in the 
Periclymena, 
