L0PH1US, 
f&wer, All the tippet 1 part of the bedy and tail is armed 
with little tubercles and prickles with branched roots. 
On the trader part there are two or three rows of nipples 
or warts, with little filaments fpringing from them which 
are more vifible in the outer row ; the fame elevations .are 
found along the under lip. This fpecies is about four 
inches long ; it is fiiown on the annexed Plate at fig. 2. 
and, for the better underftanding of its conformation, the 
under furface is exhibited at fig. 3 of the fame Plate. 
4. Lophius barbatus, the bearded angler: body de- 
prtfied, barbies from the lower jaw. Inhabits the North 
Sea, and is very rapacious, though only three inches and 
a half long. Gmelin doubts whether it be fufficiently 
diftinguifhed from the following to conllitute a 1'eparate 
fpecies. 
5. Lophius vefpertilio, the American toad-fifli: body 
deprefied, a (harp fnout. The ventral fins in this fpecies 
much more (irongly refemble feet, and the peftorals hands. 
There are tubercles on the body, which make it rough,; 
they are hollowed out, and radiated like thofeon the Itur- 
geon. The ground-colour all over is reddifli; the tuber¬ 
cles are yellow ; as are the ventral and dorfal fins, thofe 
of the bread and tail being of a fainter yellow. The eyes 
are large, with a black pupil enclofed in a yellow-and- 
vvhite ftriped iris. The aperture of the mouth is fmall, 
lying underneath, and both jaws are armed with a row of 
little teeth bent inwards. Above the mouth are the nof- 
trils ; and over them a fingle barbie of a horny nature, 
ending in a fmall point, which barbie has no doubt the 
fame ufe as in the preceding, to attract its prey. The body 
is broad at top, narrow towards the tail ; the under fur- 
face has no tubercles, except at the edges, yet it is co¬ 
vered with little prickles, which make it rough to the 
touch. The anus is near the tail-fin. The aperture of 
the gills is fmall, crefcent-fliaped, and lies on the furface 
behind the pe&oral fins. This rith is found in America, 
efpecially the fouthern parts. Dr. Schaepf faw it at the 
Bahama ides, where it is called fea-bat. It grows about 
a foot and a half long ; it is very thin, and has little fled), 
confequently makes but indid'erent food. See the Plate, 
fig. 4. 
The blunt-headed angler in Brown’s Jamaica, is fup- 
pofed to be a variety of this. 
6. Lophius hiltrio, the fpotted toad-fifh : body com- 
preffed, rugged ; head blunt. The head is fmall ; the lower 
jaw protrudes beyond the upper, both furnifhed with very 
fmall teeth like a file ; in the middle there is a fmall car¬ 
tilage, which ferves indead of a tongue; the lips, and in¬ 
deed many other parts of the body, fend out barbies. 
The body is laterally comprefied, and exafperated with 
crooked fpines. The head and back are broad in front, 
but go tapering towards the tail ; the beliy is thick and 
fuelling out. From the upper lip fhoots out an eladic 
barbie, at the end of which are two long flefhy fubdances 
which feem as if formed for holding prey ; behind this 
barbie is another flediy ray and 11 longer, and between that 
and the dorfal fin another dill thicker; both are fadened 
to the back by a (kin ; thefe indruments help this ciumfy 
flow-fwimming animal in catching its prey. The nodrils 
are near the mouth ; the eyes are round, they have a black 
pupil, and the iris is yellow, driped with brown. This 
fifti is yellow on the Tides and back, brown on the belly. 
The body and fins are varied with (tripes and fpots of a 
brown colour, and of different fnapes ; the dripes are 
broad in fome fubjects, in others only drokes; fome have 
white l'pots, others brown edged with white. The pec¬ 
toral and ventral fins give this animal the look of a qua¬ 
druped, but the other fins fhow it to be a filh. The (kin 
on the belly is thin, and only fadened to the flefh here 
and there by little bandages. This fpecies is found at 
Bralil and in China ; it generally keeps at the bottom of 
the water among fea-weed, or behind dones ; and grows 
to the length of nine or ten inches. The aperture of the 
gills is fmall, lying under the peidoral fins, and goes to 
the middle of the lower jaw. According to Marcgrave, 
Vol. XIII. No. 
C>57 
this filh has the quality of inflating the belly. Renard 
(Hilt, des Poifl'ons, tom. ii.) relates, that he had a toad- 
fifii, which lived three days out of the water, and followed 
him about like a dog; but this cannot be true from the 
nature of fi(h. It has its name kijlno, the jack-pudding, 
from its nimble and varied motions : it is alio called har¬ 
lequin, from its variegated (kin. See the Plate, fig. 5. 
The antennarim antenna tricorni of Commerfon’s manu- 
feript, is a variety of this, deferibed by Cepede. The 
barbie which riles from the upper lip divides into three 
inltead of two. This variety was obierved by Commerfou 
on the eaft coaft of Africa ; it was five inches long, and 
about two broad. 
7. Lophius chircneftes, the black-fpotted angler: body 
laterally comprefied ; a long filament from the upper lip 
terminating in a fmall flefhy mafs ; the body reddifli, with 
a few black fpots. The name of this fpecies, chiromcles, 
is from the fimilarity of its fins to hands : Commerfon 
calls it, “the homed fifti fwiinming with hands,’’ or with 
fins in the form of hands. The filament which riles be¬ 
hind the mouth is very thin and long, not divided at the 
fummit, but terminated with a knob like what appears on 
the antennae of infefls; and behind this, inltead of two 
flelhy and filamentous prolongations, there are two lumps 
or prominences without any filaments, the polterior one 
the larged and higheft. 
8. Lophius bigibbus, tile variegated angler: body com- 
prefled, variegated with black and grey. The variation 
in the colour is the only difference exhibited by Cominer- 
fon between this fpecies and the preceding. 
9. Lophius Commerfonii, the black angler: body com- 
preHTed; along filament from the upper lip terminating 
in a knob ; black, with one fmall white fpot on each fide. 
This fpecies is remarkable for being almod entirely of a 
black colour; befides the white fpots mentioned above, 
there is a whitiffi one on the upper edge of the tail-fin, and 
the extremities of the jugular and pe&oral fins are coloured 
in fome refemblance to the nails of feet or hands. The 
body is much comprefied at the fides, and covered with 
thick-grained rough (kin. The mouth opens at the ex¬ 
tremity, or rather on the upper part of the muzzle; the 
upper jaw, the lip of which can be expanded or contracted 
at the plealure of the animal, makes a femicircular orifice, 
by Commerfon compared to a fmall oven, which the un¬ 
derjaw at its riling clofes up. Both jaws are exafperated 
by little teeth very clofe together, which are equally fpread 
over the furface of the tongue, palate, and upon two bones 
at the entrance to the gullet. Beyond the long filament, 
which Commerfon calls antenna, rife two lumps as in the 
preceding fpecies, though fomewhat differing in (hape. 
The gills are fmall, three on each fide, fuftained by a mem¬ 
brane 3 and behind the peftoral fins are two round aper¬ 
tures, fcarcely vifible, which admit water for the refrefii- 
nient of thefe organs. Commerfon (ays that the jugular 
(or ventral) fins much refemble the fore paws of a mole. 
The lalt rays of the dorfal fin are (horter than thofe ad¬ 
joining to them; in the black-fpotted angler they are longer. 
The liomach is very large, the peritoneum of a blackifti 
colour; the air-bladder very white, egg-(haped, and ad¬ 
heres to the back. 
10. Lophius Fergufonii, Fergufon’s Angler: two fila¬ 
ments from the upper lip;'angular protuberances on the 
upper furface of the body. For this fpecies we are in¬ 
debted to our countryman, that felf-taught. philofopher 
Mr, James Fergufon. The fpecimen he deferibes in the 
Phil. Tranf. vol. liii. pi. 13. was caught in Briffol roads 
in 1763. It meafured four feet nine inches in length. 
The body was not flatted above and below, nor comprefied 
on the fides; but was rather cylindrical, and terminated 
conically. The mouth was juft at the extremity of the 
muzzle, and was armed with three rows of (harp teeth. 
Some (harp protuberances of a blackifti colour appear on 
the head; and behind the upper lip are two hard yet elaftic 
filaments, one before the other, very long, but without any 
membrane at their extremity. The rays of the jugular 
7 2 £n& 
