LOUIi 
where they have contracted marriages with the Ankajifas, 
and incorporated themfelves with that nation.—On the 
river St. Francis, in the vicinity of New Madrid, &c. are 
fettled a number of vagabonds from the Delawares, Shaw- 
nefe, Miamis, Chickafaws, Cherokees, and Piorias; fuppofed 
to confift in ail of 500 families. They are piratical in 
their difpofition, attached to liquor, unfettled and vagrant 
in their habits; fome of them fpeak Englifh, all under¬ 
hand it, and fome of them can even read and write it. 
At St. Genevieve, about 30 Piorias, Kafkafkias, and Illi¬ 
nois, are fettled among the whites. Thefe are the. remains 
of-a nation, which fifty years ago could bring into the 
field 1200 warriors. 
On the Miffouri and its waters, are many and numer¬ 
ous nations, the belt known of which are—I he Olages, 
fituated on the river of the fame name on the right bank 
of the Miffouri, at about eighty leagues from its conflu¬ 
ence with it ; they confift of 1000 warriors, who lice in 
two fettlements at no great diftar.ee from each other. 
They are of a gigantic ftature and well proportioned, are 
enemies of the white and of all other Indian nations, and 
commit depredations from the Illinois to the Arkanfas. 
The trade of this nation is faid to be under an exclufive 
f rant. Thiy are a cruel and ferocious race, and are 
ated and feared by all the other Indians. The conflu¬ 
ence of the Ofage River with the Miffouri is about eight 
leagues from the Miflifiippi. Sixty leagues higher up the 
Miffouri, and on the fame bank, is tlve river Kanzas, and 
on it the nation of the fame name, but at about feventy 
or eighty leagues from its mouth. It confifts of about 
5,50 warriors, who are as fierce and cruel as the Ofages, 
and often moleft and ill-treat thole who go to trade among 
them.—Sixty leagues above the river Kanzas, and at about 
two hundred from the mouth of the Miffouri, itill on the 
right bank, is the Riviere Platte, or Shallow River, remark¬ 
able for its quickfands and bad navigation; and near its 
confluence with the Miffouri dwells the nation of Oftolac- 
tos, commonly called Otos, confifting of about 200 war¬ 
riors, among whom are 25 or 30 of the nation of Miffouri, 
•who took refuge among them about twenty-five years 
fince.—Forty leagues up the river Platte you come to the 
nation of Panis, compofed of about 700 warriors in four 
neighbouring villages ; they hunt but little, and are ill 
provided with fire-arms; they often make war on the Spa¬ 
niards in the neighbourhood of Sante Fe, from which they 
are not far diftant.'—At 3000 leagues from the Miflifiippi, 
and one hundred from the river Platte on the fame banks, 
are fituated the villages of theMahas. They confifted, in 
J799, of 500 warriors ; but are faid to have been almoft 
cut off by the fmall-pox.—At fifty leagues above the Ma¬ 
fias, and on the left bank of the Miffouri dwell the Pon¬ 
cas, to the number of 250 warriors, pofiefting in common 
with the Mabas, their language, ferocity, and vices. Their 
trade lias never been of much value ; and thofe engaged in 
it are expofed to pillage and ill treatment.—At the dilt&nce 
of 450 leagues from the Miflifiippi, and on the right bank 
of the Miffouri, dwell the Aricaras,>to the number of 700 
warriors; and fixty leagues above them, the Mandane na¬ 
tion, confifting of about 700, warriors like wife. Thefe 
two laft nations are well difpefed to the whites, but have 
been the viftims of the Sioux, or Mandow.ellies, who being 
themfelves well provided with fire-arms, have taken ad¬ 
vantage of the de.fencelefs fituation of the others, and have 
on ail occasions murdered them without mercy. No dif- 
coverie.s on the Miffouri, beyond the Mandane nation, have 
been accurately detailed ; though the traders have been in¬ 
formed, that many navigable fivers difeharge their waters' 
into it, above it, and that there are many numerous nations 
fettled qn them. TheSioux, or Mandoweflies, who frequent 
the country between the n.orth bank of the Miffouri and 
MhTifuppi, are a great impediment.to trade and navigation. 
They endeavour to prevent all communication with the na¬ 
tions higher up the Miffouri, to deprive them of ammuni- 
tion and arms,and thus keep them fubfervient to themfelves. 
in the winter they are chiefly on the banks of the Miffouri, 
5 I A N A. G 99 
and mafiacre all who fall into their hands. There are a 
number of nations at a diftance from the banks of the 
Miffouri to the north and fouth, concerning whom but lit¬ 
tle information has been received.—Returning to the Mif- 
iiflippi, and alcending it from the Miffouri, about feven- 
ty-five leagues above the mouth of the latter, the river 
Moingona, or Riviere de Moine, enters the Mifliflip.pi on 
the weft fide; and on it are fituated the Ayoas, a nation 
originally from the Miffouri, fpenking the language of the 
Otachatas; it confifted of 200 warriors before the fmall- 
pox lately raged among them. The S.ies and I\e- 
nards dwell on the Mifliffippi, about three hundred 
leagues above Sf. Louis, and frequently trade with it ; 
they live together, and confifted of 500 warriors ; their 
chief trade is with Michilimakinack, and they have al¬ 
ways been peaceable and friendly. The other nations on. 
the Miflifiippi, higher up, are but little known to us.—-The 
Sac and Fox nations of India have ceded to tbe United 
States a valuable country, with a front of 600 miles on the 
Miflifiippi. It contains 80,000 fquare miles, and is equal 
to 51,200,000 acres. The nations of the Miffouri, though 
cruel, treacherous, and infolent, may doubtlel's be kept in 
order by the United States, if proper regulations are 
adopted with refpeft to them. 
The prodiuflions of Louifiana are fugar, cotton, indigo, 
rice, furs and peltry, lumber, tar, pitch, lead, flour, 
horfes, and cattle. Tire foil is fertile, the climate falu- 
brious, and the means of communication between moft 
parts of the province certain, and by water. The exports 
of Louifiana amount in value to 2,158,000 dollars ; and 
the imports, in merchandife, plantation-utenfils, flaves, &c. 
amount to millions, the difference being made up by 
the money introduced by the government, to pay the* ex- 
penfes of governing and proteding the colony*. The im¬ 
ports to the United States from Louisiana and theFloridas 
amounted in iSci to 1,006,214 dollars, and the exports to 
Louifiana and the Floridas in the fame year to 1,224,710 
dollars. In Louifiana there are few domeftic manufac¬ 
tures. The Acadia.ns manufacture a little cotton into 
quilts and cottonades; and, in the remoter parts of the 
province, the poorer planters fpin and weave fome negro- 
cloths of cotton and wool mixed. In the city, befides 
the trades which are abfolutely neoeffary, there is a confi- 
derable manufacture of cordage, and four fmall ones of 
fhot and hair-powder; and within a few leagues of the 
town are twelve diftilleries for making tafna, which are 
Laid to diftil annually a confiderable quantity; and one 
fugar-refinery, which is faid to make about 2oo,ooolbs. of 
loaf-fugar. 
There are no colleges, and but one public fchool, which 
is at New Orleans. There are a few private fcliools for 
children. Not more than half of the inhabitants are able 
to read and write. In general the learning of the inha¬ 
bitants does not extend beyond thofe two arts; though 
they feem to be endowed with a good natural genius, 
and an uncommon facility of learning whatever they 
undertake. The clergy confifts of a bifiiop, who does 
not refide in the province, whole faiary of 4000 dollars is 
charged on the revenue of certain bilhoprics in Mexico 
and Cuba ; two canons and twenty-five curates, receive 
each from 360 to 480 dollars a-year. At-Orleans there is 
a convent of Urfulines, to which is attached about 1000 
acres of land. Soon after Louifiana was ceded to the 
United States, there were two Ibciejies eftablifned for the 
promotion of fcieace and literature ; one of them at New 
Orleans, and another at Natchez; The former publilhes 
a monthly magazine for the purpofe of diffufing a know¬ 
ledge of the country, and to amufe the readers with a va¬ 
riety of ufeful fubjects. The latter, which was eftablilhecl 
m 18.03, called the Miflifiippi Society for fhe Acquire¬ 
ment and Diflemination of ufeful Knowledge, conlilts of 
forty members, and has correfpondents in various parts 
of the United States: the American government has 
granted it a charter of incorporation. See New Or- 
LEANS. 
LOTJTST 0 WN, 
