LOWER. 707 
able and inftruftive in converfation, and furnifhed with a 
variety of knowledge. He was converfant with many 
languages, and devoted a large portion of his time to 
reading He died at the age of fifty-five. His name had 
been fome time enrolled among the honorary members of 
the Academy of Sciences. Moreri. 
LO'WENDOLLAR, or Lyondollar,/ A Dutch fil¬ 
ler coin, valued at 41 (livers, or a little more. Tins com 
is % of the ducatoon, weighs 17 dwts. 14 grs. and is va¬ 
lued at 4 V° 7 d- > n C lr I- Newton’s Table of Afifays, &c. 
LO'WEN STEIN, a town and capital of a county, an¬ 
nexed as a fief to Wurtemberg : nine miles ead-fouth-ead 
of Heilbron, and twenty north-eaft of Stuttgart. Laf. 
49.6. N. Ion. 9.28. E. .. » 
LO'WENSTEIN. See Laue'nstein, vol. xu. p. 295. 
To LO'WER, v. a. To bring low; to bring down by 
way of fubmillion : 
As our high veflels pafs their wat’ry way. 
Let all the naval world due homage pay; 
With hafly reverence their top-honours lower, 
Confefling the afferted power. Prior. 
To fuffer to fink down.—When water ifiues out of the 
apertures with more than ordinary rapidity, it bears along 
with it Arch particles of loofe matter as it met with in its 
paflage through the done ; and it fudains tliofe particles 
rill its motion begins to remit, when by degrees it lowers 
them, and lets them fall. Woodward. —To lefien ; to make 
lefs in price or value.—The kingdom will lofe by this 
lowering of intereft, if it makes foreigners withdraw any 
of their money. Locke.— Some people know it is for their 
advantage to lower their interelt. Child, on Tiade. 
To LO'WER, v. n. To grow lefs; to fall; to fink : 
The prefent pleafure, 
By revolution low-ring, does become 
The oppolite of itfeif. Skakefpeare's Ant. and Cleopatra. 
To LOW'ER, v.n. [It is doubtful what was the primi¬ 
tive meaning of this word : if it was originally applied to 
the appearance of the (ky, it is no more than to grow low, 
as the (ky feems to do in dark weather : it it was fird u(ed 
of the countenance, it may be derived from the Dut. loeren, 
to look afkance : the ow founds as ou in hour.'] To appear 
dark, dormy, and gloomy; to be clouded. When the 
heavens are filled with clouds, and all nature we^rs clown¬ 
ing countenance, I withdraw myfelf from thefe uncom¬ 
fortable fcenes. Addifon. 
If on St. Swithin’s feaft the welkin lours, 
And ev’ry penthoufe dreams with hady fhow rs, 
Twice twenty days (hall clouds their fleeces drain. Gay. 
To frown ; to pout; to look fullen.—There was Diana 
when Aftaeon faw her, and one of her foolifh nymphs,- 
who weeping, and withal lowering, one might teethe work¬ 
man meant to fet forth tears of anger. Sidney. 
He mounts the throne, and Juno took her place, 
But fulien difcontent fat low'ring on her face. Dryden. 
LOW'ER, f. Cloudinefs ; gloominefs.—Cloudinefs of 
look._philoclea was jealous for Zelmane, not without lb 
: ghty a lower as that face could yield. Sidney. 
WER, ad]. More low. 
> WER (Sir William), a noted cavalier in the reign 
wr Charles I. was born at a place called Tremare in Corn¬ 
wall During the heat of the civil wars he took refuge 
in Holland, where, being Arongly attached to the mules, 
he had an opportunity of enjoying their fociety, and pur- 
fuinp- his dudy in peace and privacy. He died in 1662. 
He was a very great admirer of the French poets, parti¬ 
cularly Corneille and Quinault, on whofe works he has 
built the plans-of four out of .he eight plays which he 
wrote. The titles of his dramatic works are—1. Phcenix 
in her Flames, a tragedy, 1639. 2. Polyeuftes, or the 
Martyr, a tragedy, 1655. 3. Horatius, a tragedy, 1656. 
4.. The Three Dorothies, a comedy, 1657. 5. Don Japhet 
«£ Armenia, a comedy, 1-657. 6. Enchanted Lovers, a 
padoral, 1658. 7. Noble Ingratitude, a paftoral tragi¬ 
comedy, 1659. 8. Amorous Fantafme, a tragi-comedy, 
1660. 
LOW'ER (Richard,) an eminent phyfician and anato- 
milt, defeended from a good family in Cornwall, was born, 
at Tremere, near Bodmin, about 1631. He was admittedas 
king’s fcholar at Wedminder-lchool, whence he was elected 
to Chrift’s-church college, in Oxford, in 1649. He parted 
through the ufual courfeof the univerfitv, and, commenc¬ 
ing M.A. in 1655, entered upon the phyfic line. By the 
able afiiltance Which he afforded to Dr. Willis in his dif- 
fedtions, he ingratiated himfelf with that celebrated phy¬ 
fician, fo far as to be introduced by him into praftice, and 
employed in vifiting his country patients. In one of his 
profeffional journeys, he difeovered the medicinal fpring of 
Eafi Thorpe, or Altrop, in Northamptonfhire, which his 
recommendations, with thofe of Dr. Willis, brought into 
repute. He took the degree of M. D. in 1665, and in 
that year publifhed a defence of Willis’s work on fevers, 
entitled “ Diatribre Thomas Willifii, M. D. et Prof. Oxon, 
de Febrihus Vindicatio adverfus Edna, de Meara Ormon- 
dienfem Hibern. M. D.” 8vo. About this time he occu¬ 
pied himfelf in experiments of the transfufiou of blood 
from one animal to another, which lie performed for the 
fird time at Oxford, in February 1665. The Hon. Robert 
Boyle, hearing of this, requeded a particular account of 
it from Dr. Lower, who conveyed it in a letter to him, 
printed in the Phil. Tranf. 1666. Lower fays, that he was. 
led to this experiment from having frequently injected 
fluids into the veins of living animals; but with whom 
the thought fird originated is a matter of difpute.' (See 
Libavius, vol. xii.) He removed foon after to London, 
and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1667, and 
in the fame year became a fellow of the College of Phy- 
ficians. His celebrated work, entitled “Traftatus de 
Corde, item de Motu et Colore Sanguinis, et Cliyli in eum 
tranfitu,” was fird printed in London in 1669, This is 
a very valuable performance, and dands confpicuous 
among thofe which have contributed to the modern per¬ 
fection of anatomy. In the chapter concerning the tranf- 
fufion of the blood, he mentions having praftifed it upon 
an infane perfon before the Royal Society ; but it is al¬ 
lowed that the French fird tried this experiment upon the 
human fubjeft. To an edition of this work in 1680, is 
added a chapter on catarrh, in which the author refutes 
the notion of a defeent of ferous matter from the brain 
in that difeafe. This had been printed in 167a, as a fe- 
parate work. Lower’s Treatife on the Heart was many 
times edited abroad, and was trandated into French. 
The reputation acquired by his publications brought him 
into-s.ttenfive practice; and after the death of Dr. Willis, 
he was confidered as one of the abled phyficians in Lon¬ 
don. But his attachment to the whig-party at the time 
of the popi(h plot brought him into disfavour at court, 
fo that his bufinefs was confiderably diminiflied before his 
death, which happened in January 1690-91. He had pur- 
chafed an eliate at St. Tudy, near Bodmin, at which he 
was buried, leaving two unmarried daughters. 
LOWER ALLO WAY’S CREE'K, a townrtiip of Ame¬ 
rica, in Salem county, New Jerfey. 
LOWER CREE'K, a river of America, in the wefierra 
territory, which runs into the Ohio in lat. 40. 9. N. Ion. 
80.43. W. 
LOWER DUB'LIN, a townfhip of America, in Phila¬ 
delphia county, Penniylvania; containing 1495 inhabitants. 
LOWER LAN'DING, or East Lan'ding, lies on 
Niagara-river, Upper Canada, oppolite to Queendown on 
the Niagara-fort fide. 
LOWER LA'NE, a village in Staffbrdlhire, near New- 
cadle-under-line. 
LOWER MARYBOROUGH, a pod-town of America, 
in Maryland; thirty miles from Annapolis, and twelve 
from Calvert court-houfe 
LOWER MIL'FORD, a townihip of America, in Burk’s 
county, Pennfylvania. 
LOWER 
