708 L O W 
LOWER PENN’s NECK', a townfhip of America, in 
Salem county, New Jerfey. 
LOWER STRAT'TON, a village in Somerfetfhire, one 
jnile from Petherton. 
LOWER WEAU' TOWNS, lie in the territory north- 
weft of the Ohio, twenty miles below Rippacanoe creek, 
at its mouth in Wabafh river. 
LO / WERING,/. Theprocefsor method of weakening 
fpirits by mixing them with water. The ftandard and 
marketable price of thefe liquors are fixed, in regard to a 
certain ftrength in them called proof-, this is that lfrength, 
which makes them, when fhook in a phial, or poured from 
on high into a glafs, retain a froth or crown of bubbles 
for fome time. In this ftate fpirits confift of about half 
pure or totally-inflammable lpirit, and half water; andfif 
any foreign or home Lpirit is to be expofed to fale, and is 
found to have that proof wanting, fcarceany one will buy 
it, till it has been diltilled again and brought to that 
ftrength; and, if it is above that ftrength, the proprietor 
ufually adds water to it to bring it down to that ftandard. 
This addition of water, to debafe the ftrength, is what is 
called lowering it. People well acquainted with the goods 
■will indeed buy fpirits at any ftrength, only lowering a 
fample to the proof-ftrength, and by that judging of the 
ftrength of the whole 5 but the generality of the buyers 
will not enter into this, but have it all lowered for them. 
There is another kind of lowering in pra&ice among 
the retailers of fpirituous liquors to the vulgar; this is the 
reducing it under the ftandard of proof. They buy it 
proof, and afterwards increafe their profit upon it, by low¬ 
ering it with water one-eighth part. The quantity of ipi- 
rit is w hat they allow themfelves for the addition of water; 
and whoever has the art of doing this, without deftroying 
the bubble proof, as this is eafily done by means of iome 
addition that gives a greater tenacity to the parts of the 
fpirit, will deceive all that judge by this proof alone; that 
is, very nearly all who are concerned in the fpirit-trade. 
Such an additional quantity of water as one-eighth makes 
the fpirit tafte fofter and cooler, and will make many prefer 
it to the ftronger lpirit, which is hotter and more fiery ; but 
unleis the fpirit, thus lowered, were tolerably clean, or 
the proof be iome other way prelerved, the addition of the 
water lets looie fome of the coarle oil, which makes the 
the liquor milky, and leaves a very nauttous talte in the 
mouth. Shaw's LJfay on Dijhlkry. 
LOW'ERINGLY, adv. With cloudinefs; gloomily. 
LO'WERMOST, adj Lowed.—Plants hove their fe- 
minal parts uppeimolt, living creatures have .hem lower- 
mofi. Bacon's Nat. Hijl .—It will alfo happen, that the lame 
part of the pipe which was now louitrmqft, will presently 
become higher, fo that the water does alcend by descend¬ 
ing ; alcending in companion to the whole inltrument, 
and defeending in relpect of its ieveral parts. Wilkins. 
LOWES EO'REST, in the fouth-welt part of the county 
of Northumberland. 
LOWES WA'TER, a lake in the county of Cumber¬ 
land, about fix miles in circumference: ten milts fouth 
of Cockennouth. 
The chapel of Lowes-water is a pifturefque object, 
on a cultivated Hope, lurrounded with fcattered farms. 
“ Having paffed through a gate that leads to the 
common, the lake fpreads out before you, a mile in 
length, and of an equal breadth of about a quarter of a 
mile. The extremities are rivals in beauty of hanging 
woods, little groves, and waving incloiures, with farms 
feated in the fiweeteit points of view. The fouth end is 
overlooked by lofty Mellbreak, at whole foot a white 
houfe, within fome grafs-inclofures, under a few trees, 
Hands in the point of beauty. The eaftern fliore is open, 
and indented with fmall bays ; but the oppofite fide is more 
pleafng. Carling-knot prefents a broad pyramidal front 
of fwitt afeent, covered with loft vegetation, and fpotted 
with many aged folitary thorns. On each lide the out¬ 
lines wave upward in the finelt manner, terminating in 
a cons of grey rock, patched with verdure. This lake, in 
LOW 
oppofition to all the other lakes, has its courfe from nortii 
to fouth ; and under Mellbreak falls into Cromack-water, 
It is of no great depth; bin it abounds with pike, and 
perch, and has fome trout. An evening-view of both 
lakes is from the fide of Mellbreak, at the gate, under a 
coppice of oak, in the road to Ennerdale. Nothing ex¬ 
ceeds, in compofition, the parts of this landfcape. They 
are all great, and lie in fine order of perfpedlive. If the 
view be taken from the round knoll at the lower end of 
the lake, the appearance of the mountains that bound it 
is aftonifhing. You have Mellbreak on the right, and 
Grafmire on the left; atul, betwixt them, a ftupendous 
amphitheatre of mountains, whofetops are all broken and 
diflimilar, and of different hues, and their bales fkirted 
with wood-, or clothed with verdure. In the centre point 
of this amphitheatre, is a huge pyramidal broken rock, 
that feems with its figure to change place as you move 
acrofs the fore-ground, and gives much variety to the feene, 
and alters the picture at every pace. In fliort, thepiftur- 
efque views in this diftritt are many, fome mixt, others 
purely fublime, but all furprife and pleafe. The genius 
of the greateft adepts in landfcape might here improve ia 
tafte and judgment; and the moft entnufiaftic ardour for 
paftoral poetry and painting will here find an inexhaultible 
fburce of feenes and images.” Guide to the Lakes. 
LO'WEST, adj. Low in the greateft degree. 
LO'WESTOFF, or Les'toff, a town on the coaft of Suf- 
fex, fituated on the moft eaftern point of land in England ; 
and, ftanding upon a lofty eminence, commands a very ex- 
tenfive profpeCt of the German Ocean, as all the traders, 
&c. from the north, pais and repafs very near the fhore ; and 
it has the noblcft and moft beautiful appearance from the 
fea of any town upon the coaft. This town was formerly- 
called Lolhnwijhft , as fome think from Lothbroch, a noble 
Dane, who landed in this neighbourhood about the year 
864., and wijla , a half-hide of land. The town, however, 
is certainly of much earlier origin. Gillingwater, in his 
“ Hiltory of Lowettoft,” fays it can be traced back to a 
period anterior to the fourth century. This town has 
fuffered much from the plague at different periods, parti¬ 
cularly in the years 1348 and 1547. It has like wile luf- 
tained frequent plundering and depredations, on account 
of the attachment of its inhabitants to the caufe of royal¬ 
ty. The town extends about a mile in length, and con- 
filts chiefly of one principal ftreet, running in a gradual de- 
feent from north to iouth, which is interJefted by feveral 
fmaller Ifreets or lanes from the welt. The whole is in 
general well paved, and many of the lioufes, having been 
lately rebuilt in the modern fiyle, give the town an ap¬ 
pearance of great neatneis. From its fi that ion and expo- 
lure to the northern'ocean, over which it commands an 
extenfive prolpect, it enjoys a molt falubrious air, keen, 
but bracing. On the declivity of the cliff a number of 
hanging gardens are formed, which are interfperl'ed with 
alcoves and fummer-houles. At the foot of thefe gardens 
is a long arrangement of filhing-houles, extending the 
whole length of the town. Between thefe and the beach 
ltand the boats (about 40) employed in the herring-fifhe- 
ry, which is the chief lupport of the town, 70,000 bar¬ 
rels being exported from hence every feafon. Here are 
alio two iight-houfes, conveniences for boat-building, and 
accommodations tor bathing. A confiderable number of 
families refort here for the benefit of the falt-water. Be- 
Tides thefe fources of wealth to the inhabitants, there is a 
tolerable mackarel-filhery, which commences in May and 
continues till the latter end of June, and fupplies the ad¬ 
jacent markets, as well as the metropolis. A iVnall china- 
nianufaftory, and a ropery, alfo belong to the town. The 
church, fituated about half a mile weft from the town, is a 
very fine building, in the pointed ftyle of architecture, 
and confifts of a nave with two fide-aifles. The principal 
entrance is by a ftately porch, on the fouth fide of which 
are three niches, the centre one intended for the reception 
of a ftatue of St. Margaret, the faint to whom the church 
is dedicated. The chancel is particularly neat and ele¬ 
gant. 
