710 LOW 
tphilofophy in tfie Egidian fem'mary at Nuremberg, and 
was entrufted with the care of the obfervatory. On his 
intrance, into this new office, he pronounced an oration 
on the advantages which might be derived from the ftudy 
6f the higher branches of mathematics, which was printed 
in 1752. He published in the fame year an account of 
various experiments on the properties of the air, which 
he employed as a guide in his lectures. About this time 
he removed tff Gottingen, and was made profeffor of prac¬ 
tical mathematics, with a (alary of four hundred dollars. 
Having little to do as prcfeftor, he filled up his vacant 
hours in writing papers on various ufeful fubjeils; the 
greater part of thefe were read before the Royal Society 
of Gottingen, and they added, in a confiderable degree, 
to his reputation. He was at the fame time employed by 
the Cofmological Society in constructing globes ; but, af¬ 
ter a time, conceiving his fervices had not been fnfficiently 
remunerated, he quitted the fociety with difguft. After 
this he was appointed, hy the Hanoverian government, 
direflor of the obfervatory, an office which he refigned in 
1764., together with the profefforlhip; and he now refided 
at Gottingen as a private individual. He foon found 
that his means were inefficient for his fupport: his af¬ 
fairs became embarrafled, and his fituation would proba¬ 
bly have been forlorn, had not the Academy of Sciences 
at Peterfburg invited him into Ruffia for the purpofe of 
obferving the tranfit of Venus, which was to take piace 
in the year 1769. In a lliort time after this he was ap¬ 
pointed a member of the Academy of Sciences in the af- 
tronomital department; and he was ordered to repair to 
Surjef, a fmall town on the river Ural, a few milesj'rom 
the Cafpian Sea, the place deitined for obferving this cu¬ 
rious phenomenon. This million he accomplifned in the 
completed: manner, and publifhed an account of it in the 
year 1770. He then proceeded, in the month of Septem¬ 
ber, by the Cafpian Sea, to Altracan ; and, having deter- 
mined the geographical pofition of that city, he repaired 
to fome other places for the like purpofes. He was next 
engaged in furveys for a new canal, which he continued, 
at different periods, till the month of Auguft, 1774, when 
the whole undertaking was unfortunately ltopped by a 
fudden and unexpended irruption of fome rebel troops. 
Lowitz, and his friend and affiltant, betook themfelves to 
places which they hoped would afford them fhelter and 
fecurity. The latter, after burying his books, inltru- 
ments, and other property, fought for fafety in the for- 
trefs of Bmetrieflk, from whence he proceeded to Altra¬ 
can. Lowitz, with his family, fet out for the German 
colony of Dobrinka ; but unfortunately fell into the hands 
of the rebel chief, who put him to death in the molt bar¬ 
barous manner. His wife and fon were fuffered to efcape 
after they had been plundered of the belt part of their 
property; but Lowitz’s books, papers, and inftruments, 
having been depofited in an unoccupied lioufe, were, by 
good fortune, preferred. Gen. Biog. 
LO'WKOW, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Volhynia: ten miles eait of Zytoiniers. 
LO'WLAND, /. The country that is low in refpeft of 
■ neighoouring hills; the marfli : 
His errand was to draw the lowland damps, 
And nuifome vapours, from the foggy fens ; 
Then breathe the baleful ltench with all his force. Dryd. 
LOWLAND BA'Y, a bay on the north-eaft coaft of 
New Zealand, welt of Highland Point. 
LO'WLANDS of SCOTLAND, a term applied to the 
-fouthern parts of Scotland, in contradiltimflion to the 
Highlands; the country is more level, and the manners of 
the people more like thofe of England. 
LO'WLILY, adv. Humbly ; without pride. Meanly ; 
without dignity. 
I.O'WLINESS,/. Humility; freedom from pride.—If 
with a true Cliriltian lowlinefs of heart, and a devout fer¬ 
vency of foul, we perform them, we fhall find, that they 
t o w 
will turn to a greater account to us, than all the warlike' 
preparations in which we trult. Atterbury, 
Lowlinefs is young ambition’s ladder. 
Whereto the climber upwards turns his face. Skakejpeare: 
Meannefs ; want of dignity ; abjefl depreffion_The low¬ 
linefs of my fortune has not brought me to flatter vice; it 
is my duty to give teftimony to virtue. Dryden. 
LOW'LWORTH, a village feven miles north-weft of 
Cambridge. 
LO'WLY, adj. Humble; meek; mild.—Take my yoke 
upon you, and learn of me ; for I am meek and lowly in 
heart. Matth. xi. 29.—The heavens are not pure in his 
fight, and he charges even his angels with folly ; with 
how lowly a reverence muft we bow down our fouls before 
fo excellent a Being, and-adore a nature fo much fupe- 
rior to our own ! Rogers. 
With cries they fill’d the holy fane; 
Then thus with lowly voice Uioneus began. Dryden. 
Mean ; wanting dignity ; not great: 
For from the natal hour diftindlive names, 
One common right, the great and lowly claims. Pope , 
Not lofty ; notfublime: 
For all who read, and reading not difdain, 
Thefe rural poems, and their lowly ftrain. 
The name of Varus oft inferib’d (hall fee. Dryden. 
LO'WLY, adv. Not highly ; meanly : without gran¬ 
deur ; without dignity.— I will Ihow niyfelf highly fed, 
and lowly taught; I know my bufinefs is but to the court. 
Shakejpearc. 
’Tis better to be lowly born, 
And range with humble livers in content, 
Than to be perk’d up in a glift’ring grief. 
Anil wear a golden forrow. Shakefpeare's Hen. VIII, 
Humbly; meekly; modeftly: 
Heav’11 is for thee too high 
To know what paffes there; be lowly wife •, 
Think only what concerns thee, and thy being. Milton. 
LO'WLY'N, a village in Northumberland, between 
Lowick and Berwick. 
LO'WMAN (Mofes), an eminent and learned Englifli 
diffenting divine, was a native of London, where he was 
born in the year 1679. Being originally defigned for the 
profeffion of the law, he received a liberal,and learned 
education; and, in 1697, was entered a ftuaent in the 
Middle Temple. Not long afterwards, however, he gave 
up all thoughts of following that profeffion, and deter¬ 
mined to qualify himfelf for the minilterial office among 
the diflenters. With this view he went to Holland in 
1699 ; and purfued his ftudies, partly at Utrecht, and 
partly at Leyden, under the inoft celebrated profefl'ors in 
philofophy, divinity, oriental learning, and Jewilli anti¬ 
quities ; and ably profited by their inltruftions, as was 
fhown by his future labours. Having commenced the 
work of the miniftry, in the year 1710, he was chofen af- 
fiftant preacher in a diflenting congregation at Clapham, 
where he was ordained in 1714; and afterwards he be¬ 
came their pallor. In this connexion he continued dur¬ 
ing the remainder of his life, difeharging the duties of 
his ftation with conftancy and regularity, elleemed and 
beloved by his flock, and highly refpefled by all who 
knew him. Such parts of his time as he was able to de¬ 
vote to ltudy> were molt diligently improved by him, till 
he became furnilhtd with an extraordinary flock of ufe¬ 
ful knowledge ; but lie particularly devoted himfelf to 
the lludy of the Scriptures, and of thole branches of learn¬ 
ing more immediately neceffary for their elucidation. In 
this light he confidered Jewifh learning and antiquities, 
of which he became a thorough mailer. The full evi¬ 
dence which he laid before the public of the fuccels with 
which he had cultivated this part of knowledge, was in a 
valuable 
