L O Y' 
loyaliji and royalijl were ufed as perfectly fynonymous. 
At the prefent day, it cannot efcape any obferver, that 
loyalty to royalty is the great pafiion of the nation, and is 
inculcated from the bench and the pulpit as the prime 
public virtue, and*a duty fcarcely inferior to piety to¬ 
wards the Supreme Being. This we only mean to remark 
as a trait of national character; juft as Virgil has done 
with refpeft to his bees : 
Praterea regem non fic /Egyptus, et ingens 
Lydia, nec populi Parthorum, aut Medus Iiydafpcs, 
Obfervant. Georg, iv. 
. Befides, not Egypt, India, Media, more 
With fervile awe their idol king adore. • Dryden. 
And then Dryden goes on to paint this padion of loyalty 
in colours which he feems to have derived from the court 
of Charles II. rather than from Virgil’s Georgies : 
The king prefides, his fubjefts’ toil furveys; 
The fervile rout their careful Ctefar praife ; 
Him they extol, they worfhip him alone ; 
They crowd his levees and fupport his throne : 
They raife him on their Ihoulders with a Ihout; 
And, when their fovereign’s quarrel calls them out. 
His foes to mortal combat they defy, 
And think it honour at his feet to die. 
This is fornewhat more than infeEl-loyalty ; for we do not 
believe that any creature without reafon would be capable 
of fo paffionate an attachment to a being of its .own clafs, 
endeared by no friendlhip, and known by no benefits. 
The warm devotion attached to a mere name, in which 
loyalty confifts (for it is transferred with the crown, and 
experts no particular virtues in the wearer), is a refinement 
of fentirnent much beyond the inftinftive emotions of 
common affection. A fpaniel may lick the hand that 
feeds him ; but a man only can fet up a metaphyfical idol, 
and pay it worfhip. 
After all, confidering the matter philologically, it may 
be difficult to account for this variation in the ufe of the 
word ley ally. Perhaps, as the French language was in¬ 
troduced among us in company with conqueft and a high 
degree of monarchical power, forne of its terms might ac¬ 
quire a more fervile meaning than they pofieffed in their 
native country. It appears certain that many of out- 
early kings had more of the regal Hate and authority 
than their contemporaries of France ■, and even fo late as 
Henry VIII. and Elizabeth, more exterior homage was 
paid to royalty in England than (probably) in any other 
country in Europe. In the perfon of Elizabeth, the fa- 
cred character of tnajefty was united with the prerogatives 
of the fex, which, in that age, when the fpirit of chi¬ 
valry was not yet extinbt, were of high confideration. 
Accordingly, fhe was the objeft of a molt romantic loyally, 
which flie was wife enough to fupport by great real or af- 
feifled regard to the welfare of her people. When the 
conteft between monarchy and republicanifm commenced 
under Charles I. the partifans of the fir ft thought they 
could not go too far in manifeftiag their alienation from 
the fecond ; and befides, the fufferings of the king, and 
his heroic conduct under them, were calculated to excite 
the warmeft emotions in his favour. Loyalty, therefore, 
was renewed in all its force both as a paffion and a prin¬ 
ciple ; and in the brealt of a cavalier took place of every 
public, and almoft every private, affeftion. It required 
r.o perlonal favour for its fupport; for, as Butler, in a 
faioits ftrain, obferves. 
Loyalty is (till the fame, 
Whether it win or loofe the game 5 
True as the dial to the fun, 
Although it be not (hone upon. 
Shakefpeare has employed it alfo to fignify the attach¬ 
ment of a fervant to his matter. Old Adam fays to Or¬ 
lando, in As you like it, 
I will follow thee 
To the lad gafp with truth and loyalty. 
Vol. XIII. No. 939. 
We fhall conclude with juft fuggefting, that it might, 
perhaps, be as well to revert to Clarendon’s idea of this 
political virtue ; for furely a more orthodox authority, 
with refpeft to monarchical principles, need not be fought. 
He fays, fpeaking of a public character, “ He bad never 
any veneration for the court, hut oniy fuch loyadly to the 
king as the law required.”—Thus we have at length ar¬ 
rived at the point whence we ought to have fet out ; 
namely, at the true derivation of Loyally, from loy, “ the 
law.” Loyalty, therefore, in its primary fenfe, fhould be 
taken to fignify “ faithfulnefs or firm adherence to the 
law and loyaliji for one who is fo adherent. And, as 
we li.ave royalijl for one who is particularly devoted to 
king, why might we not ufe royalty, in a fecondary fenfe, 
to fignify that devotednels, that preference of royalty to 
loyalty ? Monthly Mag. Dec. 1800. 
LOYANG', a town of China, of the third rank, in the 
province of Quang-li : twer.ty-rive miles fouth of Tou- 
yang. 
LOY AT 7 , or Loiat, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Morbihan,: four miles north of Ploerrne!, 
and feven eaft of Joffelin. 
LOY'DERS, a town of Pruftia, in Oberland ; eight 
miles fouth of Liebllatt. 
LOY'ES, a town of France, in the department of the 
Ain : tw-o miles north-eaft of Meximieux, and fix fouth- 
weft of Amberieu. 
LOY'HA, a fmall ifland on the eaft fide of the gulf of 
Bothnia. Lat. 65. 6.N. Ion. 25. E. 
LOY'OLA, a village of Spain, in the province of Gui- 
pufcoa, which once belonged to the family of the cele¬ 
brated Ignatius, founder of the order of Jefuits, near Af- 
peytia. 
LOY'OLA, a town of South America, in the audience 
of Quito : fifty miles fouth of Loxa. 
LOY'OLA (Ignatius de), founder of the order of the 
Jefuits, and a faint in the Romifli calendar, was defeended 
from a noble Spanilh family, and born in the year 1491, 
at the caftle of Loyola in the province of Guipufcoa, 
whence he took his furname, by which he is moft com¬ 
monly known. At an early age he was fent to the court 
of Ferdinand and Ifabella, where he was appointed pa°e 
to the king, who was pleafed with his livelinefs and acti¬ 
vity, and diftinguiffied him by marks of favour. But the 
indolence of a courtier’s life foon became difguftful to 
young Loyola ; and the accounts he received of the dif- 
tinClion acquired by his brothers, who ferved in the army 
of Naples, fired him with the love of glory, and turned 
the bent of his inclination towards the military profeffion. 
Having communicated his wiffies to the duke de Najara, 
a grandee of Spain, who was his relation, that nobleman, 
wbo was himfelf a foldier, and reckoned one of the moft 
accompliffied cavaliers of his time, cherilhed the martial 
fpirit of Loyola. With the greateft care, he himfelr 
taught him his exercifes. Under the inftruftions of fo 
good a mailer, Ignatius was foon prepared for entering 
the army, where he palled through different degrees of 
military rank, and difeovered on all occafions great cou¬ 
rage, and a Itrong attachment to the fervice, both while 
he was in a fubordinate ftation and after he became a com¬ 
mander. His morals, which had been corrupted at court, 
were not reformed in the army, where he addifled him¬ 
felf to the licentioufnefs too prevalent in the military life ; 
but at the fame time he was a good officer, poflefled a high 
fenfe of honour, was frank, difinterefted, and generous, 
and was greatly beloved by the foldiers. When, in the 
year 1521, the citadel of Pampeluna was befieged by the 
French, his influence and exhortations encouraged the 
garrifon to hold out to the lalt extremity, though weak 
and ill furniflied with provifions ; and when the enemy, 
after having made a breach with their artillery, mounted 
to the a (fault, he gallantly met them fword in hand, and 
repulfed them with great (laughter, till he was difabled 
by a fevere wound in his left leg, and by a cannon-fliot 
which in the lame moment broke his right, Diflieartened 
