L O Y 
Iiaviour ; and, having found that there was no reafon for 
fufpeffing him of herefy, they referred all other matters 
to the dilcretion of the grand vicar of Alcala. This dig¬ 
nitary, in the firft inftance, only prohibited them from 
diftinguilhing themfelves by their drefs from the other 
fcholars of the univerlity. But foon afterwards, Loyola 
having been accufed of inftigating a woman of quality 
and her daughter to undertake a long pilgrimage bare¬ 
foot, as beggars, he was committed to prilon for giving 
theni fuch indifcreet advice. Hither he was followed by 
a great concourfe of people who came to hear him. The 
return of the ladies, and their declaration that Loyola, fo 
far from iniiigating, had diffuaded them front their pil¬ 
grimage, induced the grand-vicar to give him his liberty ; 
but with a prohibition againft continuing his exhortations 
to the people, till he had ltudied divinity four years. To 
this conltraint Loyola was determined not to fnbmit; and 
therefore removed to the univerfity of Salamanca, where 
he purfued his praftice of exhorting in private and pub¬ 
lic, and drew after him numerous auditors. This con¬ 
duct excited the jealoufy of the -Dominican monks, on 
whofe complaint againft him, for intruding into the pro¬ 
vince of the clergy when he was only a limple laic, he 
was a fecond time committed to prifon ; and, when libe¬ 
rated, it was under a fimilar prohibitory fentence againft 
his practice of exhortation with that pronounced at Alcala. 
Mortified with being tiius repeatedly filenced, he deter¬ 
mined to quit his native country, and to repair to Paris, 
which was at that time the molt celebrated univerfity in 
Europe. 
Loyola arrived at Paris in the beginning of the 
year 1518, with a firm refolution to purfue his itudies 
with the utmoft vigour; but his poverty, which reduced 
him to the necefhty of lodging in the hoipital of St. 
James, and begging his bread about the city, proved a 
great obftacle to his proficiency for fome time. After¬ 
wards he received aflillance from fome Spaniards in Flan¬ 
ders and England, which countries he vilited during his 
vacation, and alfo from his friends at Barcelona; hy 
which means he was enabled to provide for himfelf in a 
manner that was more reputable, as well as more favour¬ 
able to his improvement. He re-commenced the ftudy of 
the Latin language at Montague-college ; went through 
a courfe of philolophy in the college of St. Barbara ; and 
ftudied divinity under the Dominicans. His zeal, how¬ 
ever, for inftruffing others, and for making converts to 
his practice of fpiritual exercifes, expofed him to trouble 
in Paris, as well as in the Spanifh univerfities. Here an 
acculation was preferred againft him before the inquifitor 
Matthew Ory, that without being licenfed he had at¬ 
tempted to preach, and that by his fpiritual exercifes he 
feduced young men to neglebt their duties at college ; 
and he narrowly efcaped the punishment of whipping in 
St. Barbara’s college-hall. But, notwithltanding thefe 
checks to his zeal, he formed an allocution among the fcho¬ 
lars of that college, the members of which took a vow to 
conform to a Itrict religious difcipline, and to engage in 
a new undertaking for promoting the interefts of the ca¬ 
tholic faith, particularly by the converfion of infidels. 
This vow, after they had been confefled and commu¬ 
nicated, they folemnly entered into in the church of 
Montmartre, on the 15th of Auguft, 1534; and they re¬ 
newed it twice in the fame place, and on the fame day, 
with the like ceremonies. Before this, upon finifhing his 
divinity courfe, Loyola had been admitted to the degree 
of M. A. in 1532. The number of thefe aft'ociators was 
in the firft inftance leven, but they afterwards increafed 
to ten. When all the members had completed their di¬ 
vinity courfe, they entered into an engagement to go in 
pilgrimage to Jerufalem ; and, as Loyola found it expe- 
petbeiit to pay a vilit to Spain, for the fettlement of fome 
affairs, they agreed to meet him at Venice, at an appointed 
time, in order to embark for the Holy Land. When in 
Spain, Loyola went about the country preaching repent¬ 
ance, and drew together a prodigious crowd of auditors. 
OLA. 707 
Among other things, he exclaimed againft the fornication 
of priefts, which was almoft grown to be no fcandal at 
that time ; and by his reprefentations procured fevere laws 
to be enabled againft gaming, and the concubinage of the 
regular clergy. He all'o recommended rules for the refor¬ 
mation of general manners, which are laid to have been 
followed by good effeftson public morals, and the increafe 
of piety. Not forgetful, however, of the engagement 
with his companions, he took leave of his native country, 
and went by fea to Genoa; whence lie travelled by land 
to Venice, and met them there in January 1537. They 
now prepared for their voyage to the ealt; but, before 
they embarked, they conceived that they ought to obtain 
the leave and benedibiion of the pope. They all of them, 
therefore, went to Rome, excepting Loyola, who had 
formerly received the papal licenie and biefling ; and, hav¬ 
ing readily obtained wliat they afked of the pope, as well 
as permiftion for their being ordained priefts, they re¬ 
turned to Venice. During his refidence in this city, Loy¬ 
ola, formed an acquaintance with John-Peter Caraffa, af¬ 
terwards pope by the name of Paul IV. After having 
been admitted into priefts’orders, Loyola and his compa¬ 
nions were defirous of proceeding immediately on their 
pilgrimage, when the breaking-out of war between the 
Turks and Venetians created an infurmountable obftacle 
to their undertaking. Thus circumltanced, they refolved 
to difperle themfelves throughout the cities of the Vene¬ 
tian ftate, for the purpofe of promoting a reformation of 
manners by their preaching and fpiritual exercifes; and 
that Loyola and two others fliould go to Rome, to offer 
their l'ervices to the pope in that employment. 
Before the companions feparated, they agreed to ob- 
ferve an uniform mode of life, under the following regu¬ 
lations : that they fliould lodge in hofpitals, and fublift 
only upon alms ; that, where leveral of them were toge¬ 
ther, they fliould be fuperiors by turns, each in his week, 
left their fervour fliould carry them too far, were they not 
to prefcribe limits to one another in their penance and la¬ 
bours ; that they fliould preach in public places, and in 
every other place where they could obtain pcrmi/Eon, re¬ 
commending the beauty and rewards of virtue, and point¬ 
ing out the deformity and punifhments of vice, and this 
is in a limple evangelical manner, without the vain orna¬ 
ments of eloquence ; that they fliould inltruct children in 
the Chriftian dodfrine, and the principles of right con- 
duff; and that they fliould receive no money for exercif- 
irig their funffions, but be governed in ail their proceed¬ 
ings purely by a view to the glory of God. To thefe re¬ 
gulations they all contented ; and, as it might be expected 
that they would often be alked queltions concerning their 
denomination, and their inftitute, Loyola inltrufled them 
to anfwer, that, having united to combat herefies and vices 
under the ftandard of jelus Chrill, they had no other name 
by which to diftinguilh themfelves than that of “ The 
Company of Jelus.” This, it is faid, was in confluence 
of a vifion wherewith Loyola was favoured ; in which 
God the Father appeared to him vifibly, and defined his 
fon Jefus Chrift, who was loadtd with a heavy crofs, to 
take a fpecial care both of him and his companions. Chriit 
promifed he would not fail, and laid to Ignatius, Ego vobis 
Rwnts propitius ero ; “ I will be propitious to you at Rome.” 
This made them take the name of the Company of Jefus, 
becaul'e the Eternal Father had given them (they fay) for 
companions to his Son, who received them as fuch. See 
the annexed Plate. 
Loyola arrived at Rome towards the end of the year 
1537, and was introduced to pope Paul III. who received 
him very favourably, and encouraged him to proceed with 
zeal and vigour in his plan for reformation. Soon afterwards 
Loyola projefted the inftirution of a new religious order, 
and fummoned his companions to Rome, from the differ¬ 
ent places in which they were difperfed, that he might con- 
fult with them on the fubject. After leveral meetings, 
they acceded to the plan propofed by him ; the.outlines 
of which were, that, to the vows of poverty and chaitity, 
which 
