LUC 
pope. Towards the clofe of the year, a quarrel took place 
between the pope and the Romans, faid to have been oc- 
cafioned by his refufal to comply with foine cnltoms which 
had been obferved by all his predecelTors. Provoked at 
his refufal, the Romans broke out into infurreftion, 
and drove him out of the city, purfuing him from one 
ftrong-hold to another, till he retired for fafety to Ve¬ 
rona." From this place he wrote to the emperor, implor¬ 
ing his protection ; who efpoufed his caufe with great 
zeal, and'ordered Chrittian, archbifhop of Mentz, to march 
at the head of a powerful army to his afli fiance. This 
prelate foon reduced all the ffrong holds in the neighbour¬ 
hood of Rome, and, encamping at Tufculum, fo har- 
rafTed the Romans by the parties which he daily fent out 
againff them, that they were ready to receive the pope 
on his own terms, when the death of Chrifiian produced 
a hidden alteration in the (late of affairs. For, on that 
event, his army immediately difperfed, and the Romans 
became more determined than before in their oppolition 
to the pope. Lucius, finding himfelf incapable, for want 
of money, to raife futficient forces for reducing them to 
fubmillion, fent nuncios to all the Chriftian princes and 
bifhops, to gather contributions in aid of the holy fee. 
He thought it more prudent, however, to make ufe of the 
fums which he received in gaining over fome of the lead¬ 
ing men among the Romans, than in levying troops ; 
and, having fucceeded in this objeft, he ventured to re¬ 
turn under their protection to Rome. Not long after¬ 
wards, the Romans rofe in the infurreftion a fecond time, 
laying wafte the lands of the church, and treating all 
whom they thought favoured the caufe of the pope with 
the greateft barbarity. Upon this, Lucius, after anathe¬ 
matizing all the acceffaries to the deeds of rapine and 
cruelty which had been committed, retired in great hade 
to Anagni; whence he went into Lombardy, to implore 
the protection of the emperor, who was then on his march 
to Italy, for the purpofe of holding a council at Verona. 
To that city the pope repaired in July 1184 ; and, on the 
arrival of the emperor, a council was opened on the firft 
of Auguft, at which that prince and his holinefs, with the 
lords and bifhops of Lombardy, and other nobles and 
prelates, attended. In this council the pope preferred his 
complaints againff the Romans, painting in the ftrongeft 
Colours the enormities which they had perpetrated ; and 
they were declared by the whole affembly enemies to the 
church. To this council may alfo be traced the origin of 
the inquifition againff heretics. For not only were the 
Albigenfes condemned and anathematized anew, under 
different names, but all who fhould admit them into their 
houfes, fuffer them in their territories, or afford them any 
fort of relief. Under the fome fentence were included all 
who held or taught different doftrines from thofe held 
and taught by the Roman church. Some grounds of dif¬ 
ference, however, arofe between the emperor and pope, 
with refpect to iubjefts which the former had at heart. 
He warmly efpoufed the caufe of fevera! bifhops and other 
ecclefiaftics, who had been fufpended from their benefices 
and funftions for adhering to the antipopes during the 
fchifm under the pontificate of Alexander III. and who 
now appeared at the council profefiing great forrow for 
what they had done, and earneftly entreating forgivenefs 
and a reinffatement in their former conditions. At firft 
the pope gave his promife that he would comply with 
their requeit; but this he afterwards ret rafted, alleging 
that, as they had been depofed in a general council, they 
ought to be reftored in a general council, which he pro- 
miled to aflemble for that purpofe at Lyons. This oppo- 
fition to his wilhes gave umbrage to the emperor ; as did 
more particularly the pope’s refufal to crown his Ion 
Henry, and to give him the title of emperor. To this 
meafure Lucius would by no means give his confent, un- 
lefs the father refigned his crown ; pretending, that it 
would he as abfurd that two emperors fhould occupy the 
fame throne, as that two popes fhould fit in the fame chair. 
Another difpute arofe between them concerning theelec- 
L U C 747 
tion of an archbifhop of Treves. The eleftors having 
been divided among themfelves, and made a return oV 
both the candidates, Fulmar and Rudolph; though the 
former had the majority on his fide, the emperor had put 
the latter in pofTcflion of the fee. Upon this, Fulmar ap¬ 
pealed to the pope, who readily efpoufed his caufe, and 
the affair was warmly difeufled in the council. But the 
pope, thinking it not prudent to proceed to a direft rup¬ 
ture with the emperor, at fo critical a junfture in hisown 
fituafion, found means to delay the final deciiion of this 
bufinefs; and, matters being accommodated, the pope 
once more returned to Rome. 
Before the meeting of this council, Lucius had fent 
legates with letters addrefled to the Saracen princes Sala- 
din and his brother Saphadin, who had reduced the ChriT- 
tians in Paleftine to the moft defperate condition, in or¬ 
der to treat of a peace between them and the Chriftian 
princes. Thefe legates were received by the Saracen 
chiefs with all poffible marks of honour ; and were dif- 
miffed with letters to the pope, written in the moft refpeft- 
ful terms, and ftill extant, in which they declared their 
readinefs to conclude a peace with the Chriftians, and 
to agree to a mutual exchange of prifoners upon juft and 
equitable conditions. But this treaty between the pope 
and the two Saracen princes, if there were fincerity in ei¬ 
ther or both fides, had not the wifhed-for luccefs ; and 
we find the pope prelfing with great earneftnefs the Chrif¬ 
tian princes, in 1184, to fend powerful fuccours to the af- 
fiftance of their friends and brethren in the Holy Land- 
But, while Lucius was promoting to the utmoft of his 
power a new crufade, he died at Verona in November 
1184, after a pontificate of four years and between two 
and three months. Though he did not poffefs a great 
fliare of learning, he is commended for prudence, piety, 
and unblemifhed manners. Two of his Letters, and a 
Decree, are inferted in the tenth volume of the Colleft 
Concil. Mr. Gibbon, fpeaking of the fecond and third 
Lucius, fays, “ I cannot forget the fufferings of two- 
pontiffs of the fame age, the fecond and third of the name 
of Lucius. Tlie former, as he afeended in battle array 
to affault the Capitol, was (truck on the temple by a (tone, 
and expired in a few days. The latter was feverely 
wounded in the perfons of his fervants: in a civil com¬ 
motion feveral of his prielts had been made prifoners, and 
the inhuman Romans, referving one as a guide for his 
brethren, put out their eyes, crowned them with ludicrous- 
mitres, mounted them onafles with their faces to the tail, 
and extorted an oath, that in this wretched condition 
they fhould offer themfelves as a leffon to the head of the 
church. Bower. Gibbon , vol. xii. 
LUCK, / [ge/uck, Dut ] Chance; accident; fortune^ 
hap ; cafual event.—Some Inch method may be found by 
human induftry or luck, by which compound bodies may 
be refolved into other l'ubftances than they are divided 
into by the fire. Boyle. 
He forc'd his neck into a noofe. 
To (how his play at fait and loofe; 
And, when he chanc’d t’efcape, miftock, 
For art and fubtlety, liis luck. Hudibras. 
Fortune, good or bad.—That part of mankind who have 
had the jultice, or the luck, to paf's, in common opinion, 
for the wifelt, have followed a very different feent. Temple,. 
Glad of fuch luck, the lucklef's lucky maid 
A long time with that lavage people ltaid. 
To gather oreath in many iniferies. Spenfer. 
LUCKAMPOU'R, a town of Bengal s feventy miles 
north-welt of Midnapour. 
LUCKAU' See Lucca, p. 739. 
LUCK/ENS, a town of Sweden, in the province of 
Dronthciin : twenty-five miles fbuth-lbuth-weft of Dron- 
theiin. 
LUCK'ENWALDE, a town and principal place of a. 
diitrift or circle, in the duchy of Magdeburg. In the 
yeas? 
