?3® L U C' 
lebratcd victory oyer the forces of Mithridates, on the 
borders of the Granicus, and by the conqueft of all Bithy- 
pi a. His victories by fea were as great as thofe by land ; 
and Mithridates was driven with great iofs towards Ar¬ 
menia, to the court of Tigranes his father-in-law. His 
flight was quickly difcovered ; and Lucullus croffed the 
Euphrates,and gave battle to the vaft army which Tigranes 
had aflemhled to fupport the caufe of his fen. It is not 
eafy to give entire credit to the account of the numbers 
faid to have been llain on this occalion ; but the daugh¬ 
ter mud have been prodigious, when Plutarch eftimates 
that no lefs than ioc,ooo foot, and 55,000 horfe, foldiers 
loft their lives in this battle ; and this at the expenfe of 
very few Roman lives. The taking of Tigranocerta, the 
capital of Armenia, was the confequence of the viftory ; 
and Lucullus there obtained the greater part of the royal 
treafures. This continued fuccefs rendered the com¬ 
mander haughty and imperious ; and his changed man¬ 
ners were offenfiveto the foldiers, and difpleafing to thofe 
yvho adhered to the caufe of Rome. He was accufed in 
■^he fenate with delignedly protracting the war for his own 
emolu nent 5 and difeontents proceeded fo far that he was 
fuperfeded, firft by the cotiful Glabrio; after which Pom- 
pey was feat to fucceed him, and to continue the Mith- 
ridatic war. Kis interview with Lucullus began with 
ads of mutual kindnefs, and ended in the moft deter- 
mined enmity. Lucullus was however permitted to re¬ 
tire to Rome; and i6qo foldiers, who had fltared his for¬ 
tune and his glories, were allowed to accompany him. 
At Ro ne he was coldly received ; and he obtained with 
difficulty a triumph which was claimed by his fame, his 
fuccefles, and his victories. The fpeCtacie, as might be 
expette 1, was fplendid ; and, befides a large l’um conveyed 
to the treafury, it exhibited regifters of much more which 
Re had expended on the public fervipe. His own private 
fprtune was greater thaa ever before had been pofieffed 
by q Roman citizen ; and he refolved to enjoy it at his 
eafe, without troubling himfelf with political concerns. 
He occaGonally, indeed, gave a vote with his friends of 
the fenatorian party, and joined the true republicans in 
checking the ambition of Pompey ; but his efforts were 
faint, and at length totally ceafed. Soon after his return, 
he divorced his wife Clodia, the filler of the infamous 
Clodius, and berfelf fcarcely lefs infamous; and he con¬ 
tracted a new alliance with Servilia, the filter of Cato, 
whole irregularities of conduct equalled thofe of her pre- 
deceffor. In his mode of living he adopted a luxurious 
profulion fcarcely paralleled by a private citizen in any 
age or country, but under the direction of a refined tatle, 
and not excluding the rational plealures of literature and 
cultivated fociety. At a valt expenfe, he collected a li¬ 
brary more numerous and feleCt than Rome had before 
poffeffed, which he threw open to all perfons of learning 
and curiofity. It was particularly the refort of the Greeks 
who v.ifited Rome, and whom he treated with great hofpi- 
tality, delighting to converfe with them on topics of phi- 
lofophy, with all the fefts of w hich he was well acquaint¬ 
ed. He was himfelf principally attached to the doctrines 
of the Old Academy, the defence of which is put into 
his mouth by Cicero, in a, dialogue entitled “Lucullus.” 
His philofophy,however, was expended in words; for no 
man carried further that perfonal luxury which all moral 
fyltems fo much decry. The profufion of his table w-as 
conltant and perpetual. Some Greek ltrangers whom he 
had for feveral days, entertained fumptu.oufly, modeftly 
excufing themfelves from further attendance at his board 
on account of the expenfe to which they put him, he 
fmiled, arid told them, that; “part, indeed, of what was 
provided was for them, but the greater ihare w’as for Lu¬ 
cullus.” Supping once alone, and finding a fcanty fare 
fet before him, he called for his houfe-lteward, and afietd 
the reafon of it. The mat) excufed h.imfjf, from his 
knowledge that there was to be no company that evening. 
“What! (laid the matter,) did you not know that Lu¬ 
cullus was to fup with Lucullus ?” His fame in this point 
LUD 
once Induced Cicero and Pompey, by way of putting him 
to the felt, to invite themfelves in a free way to fupGvith 
him the fame evening, on condition that he Ihould give 
them nothing but what was provided for himfelf. Lu¬ 
cullus contented, but requefted in their prefence to give 
a fingle order to a fervant, and this was, that “ fupper was 
to be ferved in the Apollo.” Every eating-room in his 
domettic arrangement had a Hated fum allotted for an en¬ 
tertainment given in it; and the Apollo flood higheit. 
The two illuItrious vifitors were therefore furpriferi^with 
a molt coftly banquet, which appeared as a matter of 
courfe. As an inftance of that fuperfluity of wealth in 
which the owner does not know what he poflefles, Ho¬ 
race tells a ttory of Lucullus, that, being once atlced if ha- 
could lend a hundred military tunics (chlamydes) for a 
fcenic entertainment, he replied, “ Where Ihould I find 
fo many ? however, I will fee.” Soon after, he wrote 
word that he had at home five thoufand of them, and thev 
might have all if they pleafed. His magnificence in build- 
ing was not inferior to his other difplays of expentive lux¬ 
ury. He had a fuperb fummer-villa at Tufculnm, and a 
winter-relidence in the bay of Naples, at which Jail were 
vatt excavations in the rock for refervoirs of fait water t© 
keep live fea-filh, the great ohjeCt of Roman epicurifm. 
His gardens at Rome were upon a fc ale of regal grandeur, 
and long fubtitted among the principal decorations of that 
metropolis. It is not extraordinary that one who thus 
exhaufted every fource of gratification ffiould in the de¬ 
cline of life fall into a date of mental imbecility. He 
died at the age of fixty-feven or fixty-eight; and was much 
regretted by the Roman people, who, doubtlefs, had Rafted 
the fruits of his munificence. They would willingly have 
given him an honourable funeral in the Campus Martius, 
but their offers were rejected, and he was privately bu¬ 
ried by his brother at Tufculum. Lucullus may rank 
among the great men of Rome, both for his civil and mi¬ 
litary qualifications. He was alfo eltimablein many points 
of moral character ; he was generous, humane, mild, and 
equitable. He was a perfect matter of the Greek and La¬ 
tin languages, and employed himfelf fometimes in com- 
pofing a concife hiftory of the Marfi in Greek hexameters. 
LUCU'MA.y: in botany, the Peruvian name of the 
Linnsean Achras mammofa, which Juffieu has leparated, un¬ 
der this appellation, as a diltinCt genus; chiefly, as it ap¬ 
pears, on account of the flowers being pentandrous and 
five-cleft, and the corolla globofe rather than bell-lhaped. 
The feeds moreover are round or angular, not of that el¬ 
liptical comprefied form, with the peculiar long fear of 
attachment, which cliaraCterifes Achras. See thatarti- 
cle, vol. i. p. 73. 
LU'CUS, /. [Latin.] A wood or grove facred to a 
deity ; fo called a luccndo, becaufe a great number of lights 
were ufually burning in honour ot the god ; a practice 
common with idolaters, as we learn from Scripture : hence 
Homer’s ayhet or a?ko-o;. 
LU'CY, a Chriftian name of women. 
LU'CY, in geography. See Lucev. 
LUCZA'Y, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of 
Wilna : thirty-fix mijes fouth of Brailaw. 
LUCZYN'CZ, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Braclavv : forty-eight miles weft-fouth-weft of Braclaw. 
LUD, fourth fon of Shem, (Gen. x. 22.) peopled, fay 
the generality of ancients and moderns, Lydia, a province 
of Afia the Lefs. Arias Montanas places the defen¬ 
dants of Lud where the Tigris and Euphrates meet; and 
M. Le Cleic, between the rivers Chaboras and Saocoras 
or Mafca. Tliefe defendants of Lud, commonly called 
Ludim, mult be diltinguilhed from the defendants of 
Ludim, the fon of Mizraim. See Ludim, p. 753, 
LUD, the name of a place. Judith ii. 23. 
LUD, a Britilh king mentioned in our old chronicles, 
and laid to have reigned about"the year of the world 3878. 
He is reported to have enlarged and walled about Troy.no - 
vant, or New Troy, where be kept his court, and made it 
liis capital. The name of London is hence derived from 
Is d's 
