I u N 
deeded by oblong comprefTed pods, width hang down¬ 
ward, and when ripe are of a feuille-mort colour. Silicle 
ovate-oblong or rhomb-elliptic, flatted like a leaf, two- 
celled, two-valved; partition parallel to the valves, thin 
aim oft as a cobweb, generally glued faft to the valves 
when the feed-veflel is ripe, fo that it efcaped Lin one us 
and others, who accordingly fuppofedthe fruit to be one- 
celled. Seeds in each cell one or two, fubcordate, or 
deeply emarginate at the umbilicus, comprefTed, fome- 
what rugged to the touch, obfoletely margined, brown. 
There being certainly a partition in the (Hide, this fpe- 
cies ought not to be feparated from Lunaria, fince there 
is fuch a conformity in the frudification, although the 
outward habit be peculiar, and very different from the 
others. Native of Egypt. It flowers here in June and 
July; the feeds ripen the beginning of September, and the 
plants decay foon after. 
Propagation and Culture . The fil'd and fecond are pro¬ 
pagated by feeds fown in the autumn. Thole-Town in 
the fpring often mifearry, or lie a long time in the ground. 
Tiiey will grow in almofi any foil, but love a fhady fitua- 
tion ; and require only to be kept clean from weeds. If 
the feeds be permitted to fcatter, the plants will rife with¬ 
out farther care ; and, if they he left unremoved, they 
will grow much larger than thofe which are tranfplanted. 
Sow the feeds of N° 3 in an open border, where they are 
to remain ; if they be fown foon after they are ripe, the 
plants will come up in the autumn, and live through the 
winter in a fheltered fituation ; thefe will flower early the 
following fummer, whereby ripe feeds may be obtained ; 
they may alfo be fown in the fpring. Keep them clean, 
and thin them where they are too clofe. If the feeds be 
permitted to fcatter, thefe alfo will come up without care. 
See Alyssum, Medicago, Marchantia, Osmunda, 
and Rumex. 
LUNA'RIAN, /. An inhabitant of the moon.—The 
Lunarians in the oppofite hemifphere never fee our earth. 
Adams on Globes. 
LUNA'RIUM, in ancient geography, a promontory of 
the Hither Spain, between Blanda and Bastulo. Com¬ 
monly called Cabo de Palafugel, in Catalonia, on the Me¬ 
diterranean ; or Cabo de Tofa, on the fame coafi, and in 
Catalonia, fifteen miles from the former, to the welt. 
LU'NARY, f. Moonwort, or honefty. See Luna¬ 
ria. 
Then fprinkles (lie the juice of rue, 
With nine drops of the midnight dew. 
From lunary diftilling. Drayton's Nymphid. 
LU'NATED, or Lunulated, adj. Formed like a half 
moon ; crefcent-fhaped. 
LU'NATIC, adj. Mad ; having the imagination in¬ 
fluenced by the moon: 
Bedlam beggars, from low farms, 
Sometimes with lunatic bans, fometimes with prayers, 
Enforce their charity. Shakefpeare. 
LU'NATIC, /. A madman.—I dare enfure any men 
well in his wits, for one in the thoufand, that he (hall not 
die a lunatic in Bedlam within thefe feven years ; becaufe 
not above one in about one thoufand five hundred have 
done fo. Graunt's Bills.—"The refidue of the yearly profits 
(hall be laid out in purchafing a piece of land, and in 
building thereon an hofpital for the reception of ideots 
and lunatics . Swift's Will. 
See the blind beggar dance, the cripple fing, 
The fot a hero, lunatic a king. Pope. 
A perfon fuppofed to be affected or governed by the moon. 
Hence, epileptics were anciently called lunatici, becaufe 
the paroxyfms of that difeafe feemed to be regulated by 
the changes of the; moon. Thus Galen (De Diebus cri- 
ticis, lib. iii.) fays, the moon governs the periods of epi¬ 
leptic cafes ; and others referred the difeafe entirely to tins 
Vol. XIII. No. 943. 
planet.. Mad people are drill called lunatics, from an an¬ 
cient but now almoft-exploded opinion, that they are 
much influenced by that planet. A founder philofo- 
phy hath taught us, that, if there be any thing in it, it 
mull be accounted for, not in the manner the ancients 
imagined, nor otherwife than what the moon has in com¬ 
mon with other heavenly bodies, occafioning various alte¬ 
rations in the gravity of our atmofphere, and thereby af¬ 
fecting human bodies. However, there is confiderable 
reafon to doubt the fad; and it is certain that the moon 
has no perceivable influence on our rnoft accurate baro¬ 
meters. See the article Insanity, vol. xi. p. 120. 
A lunatic, in the contemplation of the law, is properly 
a perfon wno hath lucid intervals; fometimes enjoying 
his fenfes, and fometimes not. See the article Idiocy^ 
vol. x. p. 756. 
It is a melancholy fad, that in the whole kingdom of 
Ireland, containing a population of nearly five millions 
and a half, and where infinity is a difeafe of,as frequent 
occurrence as in any other country in Europe, there is not 
even one afylum for the reception and cure of infane pau¬ 
pers. It appears that fir John Newport, aware of the evil, 
brought a bill into parliament about ten years ago, in 
which it was propofed to eltablilh four large provincial 
afylums; but from fome caufe, with which we are not 
acquainted, the bill was rejeded. The confequences of 
the deficiency are indeed deplorable. The unfortunate 
fufferers are fcarcely ever confidered as objeds of medical 
treatment ; but, when liarmlefs, are fuffered to ramble 
about the country, expofed to the infults and ridicule of 
the populace; and, when they (how a difpofition to mif- 
chief, they are removed to gaols, or workhoufes, or fome 
other place of fecurity, where they are confined in gloomy 
cells, chained in (heels, or have clogs faltened to their legs 
to prevent their efcape. Every man of common feeling 
mult he fenfible that fome remedy is neceflary; but we 
fliould doubt whether the eredion of public afylums at 
the expenfe of government be definable. It feems to be 
the inevitable relult in Ireland of all fuch fchemes, that 
they looner or later degenerate into jobs ; and that what 
was apparently well calculated to accomplifh the objed in 
view ferves no other purpofe than to put money into the 
pockets of a few contradors. The path which ought to 
be purfued, we think, is very obvious ; viz. that lunatic 
afylums fliould be ereded and fupported, as they are in 
Liverpool, Manchefler, and many others of the large towns 
in England, by voluntary fubfeription. Although great 
objedions may be made to placing lunatics in general 
hofpitals, we fee none againft making an afylum an appen¬ 
dage to an infirmary ; and not only fome peculiar con ve- 
niences, but a confiderable faving of expenie, would refult 
from this arrangement. The known liberality ofthelrifli 
would certainly enable any one to execute the plan, who 
would take a little pains to effed it. 
LUNA'TION,y? The revolution of the moon.— If the 
lunations be obferved for a cycle of nineteen years, which 
is the cycle of the moon, the fame obfervations will be ve¬ 
rified for fucceeding cycles for ever. Holder on Time. 
LUNAWA'RA, a town of Hindooltan, in Guzerats 
fifty miles eaft ofAmedabad. 
LUNCAR'TY, or Long Carty, a town of Scotland, 
in the county of Perth, where is one of the molt extenfive 
bleaching-grounds in Scotland. This place is fignalized 
by the great victory obtained by the Scots over the Danes, 
in 970, where the gallant Hay and his two fons are faid to 
have turned the tide of conqueft in favour of their coun¬ 
trymen. See the article Heraldry, vol. ix. p. 412. In 
thefe fields, which are now covered with linen cloth, or 
luxuriant crops of wheat and other grain, fwords, fpears, 
and targets, occafionally dug up in the courfe of agricul¬ 
ture, and in the formation of canals for the purpofes of 
bleaching, furnilh every day frefli proofs of the authenti¬ 
city ofScottifli hiftory : five miles north of Perth. 
LUNCH, or Lun'cheon, f. [from louja , Span, or from 
9 F kleinken t 
