7 
LUNG, or Lungs, but generally ufed in tlie plural; /. 
[from lun^en, Sax. long, Dut.] The lights; the part by 
which breath is infpired and expired —See the article 
Anatomy, vol. i. p. 610-12. 
Had I a hundred mouths, a hundred tongues, 
'And throats of brafs infpir’d with iron lungs ; 
I could not half thofe horrid crimes repeat, 
Nor half the punifliments thofe crimes have met. Milton. 
Breathing begins immediately after birth ; the enlarge¬ 
ment of the cheft occafions the lungs to be diftended with 
air, and confequently to become fpecifically lighter; a 
greater quantity of blood pafles through them, and thus 
they acquire greater abfolute weight. 1 he increafeof vo¬ 
lume mult be limited by the capability of enlargement in 
the cheft ; and this cannot be very conftderable immedi¬ 
ately on birth. This enlarged (ize is not, therefore, fuffi- 
ciently marked, to be relied on as a proof that refpiration 
has begun. It is a well-known fa cl, that the lungs of an 
individual who has breathed fwim in water, whether 
they be immerfed entire or in flices. This is a property 
remarkably contrafted with what takes place under the 
fame treatment before birth. A criterion has been fought 
for in this fource, to determine, in doubtful cafes, whe¬ 
ther a child has been born dead or alive ; and the confe¬ 
deration is a highly-important one, from the influence it 
may produce on medical opinions, in cafes of fufpected 
child-murder. We lhall only obierve here, that the con- 
vulfive attempts to eftablilh refpiration, although not luc- 
cefsful, may introduce air enough into the lungs to make 
them buoyant in water ; that attempts to inflate them, in 
order to preferve the child, or after it has died, may have 
the fame effe<ft; that the difengagement of air by putre¬ 
faction may thus make them fpecifically lighter than w'ater ; 
not to mention, that the child may have breathed and died 
afterwards ; fo that the mere naked circumltance of the 
lung fwimming is altogether an inefficient proof that the 
child has been murdered ; and to condemn a mother to 
death on fuch grounds, exhibits a degree of ignorance and 
barbarity worthy only of the dark ages. The increafe of 
abfolute bulk in the lungs after birth is a phenomenon 
very worthy of being remarked. Thefe organs in the 
fcetus, at full time, are Jgth of the body. According to 
the refearches of fome German and French anatomifts, 
they are more than -^th, or ^Vth in a child who has 
breathed. There may be fome variation in this point, 
but the organs are never fo light as to approach at all to 
the proportion which they exhibit before birth ; a faft 
which is highly important in its application to quellions 
of fuppofed infanticide. 
I.UNG'-GROWN, adj. Having the lungs adhering to 
the membrane that lines the bread.—The lungs iome- 
times grow faft to the fkin that lines the breaft within ; 
whence fuch as are detained with that accident are lung- 
grown. Harvey. 
LUNG'-WORT,/, in botany. See Pulmonaria. 
LUNG'-WORT, Cow’s. See Verbascum. 
LUNG'-WORT, Golden. See Heiracium. 
LUNG'DRIDGE, a village in Northumberland, near 
Tweedmouth. 
LUN'GE, / A pafs or tliruft in fencing. 
LUNG'ED, adj. Having lungs; having the nature of 
lungs ; drawing in and emitting air, as the lungs in an 
animal body : 
The fmith prepares his hammer for the ftroke. 
While the lung'd bellows hiding fire provoke. Dryden. 
LUNG'KORCHE, a town of Pruflia, in the palatinate 
of Culm : ten miles north of Strafburg. 
LUN'GON, a fmall ifland on the weft fide of the gulf 
of Bothnia. Lat. 62.40. N. Ion. 17. 48. E. 
LUNGPOU'R, a town of the country of Cachar: fif¬ 
teen miles eaft of Cofpour. 
LUN'GRO, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citra, chiefly 
inhabited by Greeks: ten miles fouth-fouth-weft of Caf¬ 
tan 0. 
LUN'GRY, a town of Bengal : thirty-fix miles foutk 
of Calcutta. Lat. 21. 58. N. Ion. 87. 35. E. 
LUNG'SARP, a town of Sweden, in Weft Gothland : 
fifty-feven miles from Gotheborg. 
LUNG'SUND, a town of Sweden, in Warmeland : 
twenty five miles north-eaft of Carlftadt. Lat. 59. 48. N. 
Ion. 13. 54. E. 
LUNGU', a fmall ifland in the Esftern Indian Sea, near 
the coaft of Queda. Lat. 6. 39. N. Ion. 99. 42. E. 
LUNISO'LAR, adj. [from the Lat. luna, the moon, 
and fol, the fun.] Compounded of the revolution of fun 
and moon. 
LUNISG'LAR YE'AR, or Victorian Period. See 
the article Chronology, vol. iv. p. 538. 
LUN'KA, a town of Samogitia: forty miles north-eaft 
of Miedniki. 
LUNT, / [lunte, Dut.] The match-cord with which 
guns are fired. 
LUN'TENBURG, or Brzed'slaw, a town of Moravia, 
in Brunn ; taken and burned by the Pruflians in the year 
1742 : thirty-fix miles fouth-eaft of Brunn. 
LUNT'LEY, a village in Herefordftiire, fouth of Pern- 
bridge. 
LUN'TON, a village in the north riding of Yorkfliire, 
on the Tees, to the north-weft of Rambald Kirk. 
LUNTZ, a town of Auftria : fifteen miles fouth-eaft of 
Bavarian Waidhofen. 
LU'NULA,/ [Latin.] In geometry, a plain figure in 
the form of a crelcent. 
LUNULA'RI A, /. in botany. See Marciiantia. 
LU'NULATE, or Lu'nate, adj. Shaped like a crefi. 
cent, or half-moon. 
LUN'ZENAU, a town of Saxony, in the lordfliip of 
Schonburg : two miles north-eaft of Penig. 
LUOPI'OIS, a town of Sweden, in the province of 
Tavaftland : twenty-three miles north of Tavalthus. 
LU'PA [Lat. a ffie-wolf.] Was held in great venera¬ 
tion at Rome, becaule Romulus and Remus, according to 
an ancient tradition, were fuckled and preferved by one 
of thefe animals. This fabulous ftory arifes from the fur- 
name of Lupa, projlitute, which w'as given to the wife of 
the ffiepherd Fauftulus, to whole care and humanity thefe 
children owed their prefervation. Ovid. Fajl. Pint, in 
Romul. 
LUPAN'NA, an ifland in the Adriatic, near Ragufa, 
with-a good and fafe harbour. The foil is ftony, but by 
the indultry of the inhabitants is rendered fertile. The 
coafts abound with filh. 
• LUPA'R A, a town of Naples, in the Molife: feventeen 
miles north-eaft of Molife. 
LUPA'TA, a chain of mountains in Africa, and coun¬ 
try of Mocaranga. Lat. 13. to 17. S. 
LUPER'CAL, a place at the foot of Mount Aventine, 
facred to Pan, where feftivals called Lupercalia were yearly 
celebrated. Virg. 
LUPERCA'LIA, a yearly feftival obferved at Rome the 
15th of February, in honour of the god Pan. It was 
ufual firft to facrifice two goats and a dog, and to touch 
with a bloody knife the foreheads of two illuftrious youths, 
who always were obliged tofmile while they were touched. 
The blood was wiped away with foft wool dipped in milk. 
After this the Ikins of the viftims were cut into thongs, 
with which whips were made for the youths. With thefe 
whips the youths ran about the ftreets all naked except 
the middle, and whipped freely all thofe they met. Wo¬ 
men in particular were fond of receiving the lafhes, as 
they fuperltitioufly believed that they removed barrennefs, 
and eafed the pains of child-birth. This excurfion in the 
ftreets of Rome was performed by naked youths, becaufe 
Pan is always reprefented naked ; and a goat was facri- 
ficed, becaufe that deity was fuppofed to have the feet of 
a goat. A dog was added, as a neceflary and ufeful guar¬ 
dian of the ffieepfold. This feftival, as-Plutarch men¬ 
tions, was firft inftituted by the Romans in honour of the 
fhe-wolf which fuckled Romulus and Remus. This opi¬ 
nion 
