L U P 
sion is controverted by others ; and Livy, with Dionyfius 
of Halicarnaflus, obferves, that they were introduced into 
Italy by Evander. The name feems to be borrowed from 
the Greek name of Pan, Lycaus , from Xvko<;, a wolf; be- 
caufe Pan, as god of fliepherds, protected the flteep from 
the rapacity of the wolves. The priefts which officiated 
at the Lupercalia were called Luperci. Augultus forbad 
any perfon above the age of fourteen to appear naked, or 
to run about the itreets, during the Lupercalia. Cicero, 
in his Philippics, reproaches Antony for having difgraced 
the dignity of the confuKhip by running naked, and armed 
with a whip, aboat the Ifreets. It was during the cele¬ 
bration of thefe feftivals that Antony olfered a crown to 
Julius Csefar, which the indignation of the populace 
obliged him to tefufe. 
LUPER'CI, a number of priefts at Rome, who affifted 
at the celebration of the Lupercalia, in honour of the god 
Pan, to whofe fervice they were dedicated. This order 
of priefts was the molt ancient and refpedtable of all the 
facerdotal offices- It was divided into two feparate col¬ 
leges, called Fabiani and Quintiliani, from Fabius and 
Quintilius, two of their high priefts. The former were 
inftituted in honour of Romulus, and the latter of Remus. 
To thefe two facerdotal bodies Julius Caefar added a third, 
called, from himfelf, the Julii ; and this aftion contri¬ 
buted not a little to render his cattle unpopular, and to 
betray his ambitious and afpiring views. 
LUPER'CUS, a grammarian in the reign of the emperor 
Gallienus. He wrote a few grammatical pieces, which 
fome have preferred to Herodian’s compofitions. 
LU'PIA, /. [from At >wsto, Gr. to moleft.] In furgery, 
a tumour of the ganglion kind ; or, according to Cullen, 
a wen. 
LUPIAC', a town of France, in the department of the 
Gers: ten miles fouth-eaft of Nogaro, and eighteen north- 
weft of Auch, 
LU'PIiE, in ancient geography, a town and colony of 
Italy, in Meflapia, fuppofed to have been near the lcite 
of the modern Leece, twenty-four miles fouth-eaft of 
Brundulium ; but in that vicinity no veftige of antiquity 
remains. 
LU'PIAS, or Lu 7 pia, now Lippe, a town of Ger¬ 
many, with a fmall river of the fame name, falling into 
the Rhine. See Lippe, vol. xii. p. 77a. 
LUPIN AS'TER,/. in botany. See Trifolium lupi- 
nafter. 
EU'PINE,./! The common name of a fpecies of wild 
pea, cultivated principally for being turned in as a ma¬ 
nure,—When Protogenes would undertake any excellent 
piece, he ufed to diet himfelf with peafe and lupines , that his 
invention might be quick and refined. Peacham on Drawing. 
Where ftalks of lupines grew, 
The enfuing feafon, in return, may bear 
The bearded prod lift of the golden year. Dry den. 
This plant requires but little trouble or labour in its 
cultivation, as it will thrive in any foil, except, the bad 
chalky, and fucli as are very wet. It will even grow well 
upon poor hungry worn-out land, efpecially if it be dry 
and fandy. When fown in February or March, after a 
fingle very {hallow ploughing, and {lightly harrowed in, it 
will bloftom two or three times between May and Au- 
gult, and prove an excellent enricher of the ground, when 
ploughed in juit after its fecond blooming. The beft 
time for mowing this fort of crop, .is after a fhower of 
rain, as the feeds drop ealily out of the pods when they 
are gathered too dry. They mu ft., however, be laid up 
very dry, or worms loon breed in them. They are infe¬ 
rior to many other plants for the above ufe. 
LUPI'NUS,/. [fo called by Pliny and other.ancient 
writers. Profeflor Martyn fays that the word owes its 
origin to lupus, a wolf, becauffi plants of this genus ravage 
the ground, by over-running it, after the manner of that 
animal: it is alfo faid to be derived from town, grief, 
whence Virgil’s epithet, trifles lupini, from the fanciful 
Vql. XIII. No. 943. 
L U P 777 
idea of its acrid juices when tailed producing a forrowful 
appearance in the countenance. Both thefe ideas are 
ayowedly taken from Voftius.] Lupine ; in botany, a 
genus of the clafs diadelphia, order decandria, natural or¬ 
der of papilionacese or leguminofse. The generic charac¬ 
ters are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, bifid. Corolla ! 
papilionaceous; banner cordate-roundiffi, emarginate, bent 
back at the fides, comprefied ; wings fubovate, almoft the 
length of the banner, not faftened to the keel, converging 
below ; keel two-parted at the bafe, lickle-lhaped upwards, 
acuminate, entire, the length of the wings, narrower. 
Stamina : filaments ten, united, fomewhat afcending, dif- 
tinft above ; anthers five, roundilh, and as many oblong. 
Piliilluin: germ awl-ffiaped, comprefied, viilole; ftyle 
awl-fhaped, afcending ; ftigma terminating, blunt. Peri- 
earpium : legume large, oblong, coriaceous, comprefied, 
acuminate, one-celled. Seeds: feveral, roundilh, com¬ 
prefied.— EJfential CharaEler. Calyx two-lipped; anthers 
five oblong, five roundilh ; legume coriaceous. 
Thefe are moftly herbaceous annual plants. The leaves 
digitate, with llipules at the bafe of the petiole. Flowers 
in terminating fpikes, either placed alternately, or in a 
fort of whorl ; fome naked, others brafted. The firft fpe¬ 
cies is perennial; the ninth (hrubby. The leaves are Am¬ 
ple in the eighth, ternate in the ninth and tenth fpecies. 
The flowers are white in the fecond fort, fleffi-coloured in 
the fifth ; yellow in the feventh, eighth, and ninth 5 in 
the reft blue. 
Species. 1. Lupinus perennis, or perennial lupine : ca¬ 
lyxes alternate, without appendicles, upper lip emargi¬ 
nate, lower entire. This has a perennial creeping root, 
from which arife feveral erect channelled ftalks a foot and 
a half high, fending out two or three fmall fide-branches, 
garnifiied with digitate leaves, compofed of from five to 
ten or eleven narrow fpear-fhaped leaflets, which join at 
their bafe, and ftand upon very long foot-ftalks, having a 
few hairs on their edges. The flowers grow in long loofe 
fpikes, which terminate the ftalks, and are placed without 
order on each fide; they are of a pale blue colour, and 
on fliort peduncles. Thefe appear in June, and the feeds 
ripen in Auguft, which are foon fcattered if they are not 
gathered when ripe ; for, after a little moifture, the fun 
caufes the pods to open with elafticity, and call out the 
feeds to a diftance all around. Linnasus fays that the 
leaves confift of eight lanceolate blunt fmooth leaflets; 
and that the flowers are placed alternately in very long 
racemes, commonly two together from one point, each on 
its proper pedicel. According to Miller, the number of 
leaflets varies much, and the flowers are either in pairs, 
or elfe three or four from the fame joint. It is a native 
of Virginia, and other parts of North America ; and was 
cultivated in the botanic garden at Oxford in 1658. Kalm 
informs us that perennial lupine is abundant in the woods 
in New Jerfey ; and that he has often found it thriving 
on very poor fandy fields, and on heaths, where no other 
plants w'ould grow, The flowers, which commonly ap¬ 
pear there in the middle of May, make a fine {flow by 
their purple hue. He was told that the cattle would eat 
thefe flowers very greedily ; but found that they were not 
fond of this plant when they had any thing elfe. Horfes, 
indeed, ate the flowers, but left the {talk and leaves; and, 
if cattle ate the plant in the fpring, it was from neceffity. 
However, he is of opinion that it might be tried on dry 
fandy heaths, and that means may be found to make it 
palatable to cattle. 
2. Lupinus albus, or .white lupine : calyxes alternate, 
without appendicles, upper lip entire, lower three-toothed. 
This has a thick upright {talk, about two feet high, divid¬ 
ing towards the top into feveral {mailer hairy branches. 
Leaves digitate, compofed of feven or eight narrow ob¬ 
long leaflets, joining at the bafe; they are hairy, of a 
dark greyilh colour, and have a filvery down. The flow, 
ers are produced in loofe fpikes at the end of the branches; 
they are white and feflile. Legumes ftraight, hairy, about 
three incites long, containing live or iix leeds, which are 
9 G roundilh} 
