778 L U P I 
roundifli, flatted like a lens, extremely fmooth and even, 
perfectly white, without any (pots, fmalter than molt of 
the others. The umbilicus, or navel, has a prominent 
ring. It flowers in July, and the feeds ripen in the au¬ 
tumn. It grows naturally in the Levant ; and is culti¬ 
vated in fotne parts of Italy, as other pulfe, for food ; 
alfo in the fouth of France, in poor dry extenflve plains, 
as a meliorating crop, to be ploughed in, where no ma¬ 
nure is to be had, and the ground is too barren for clover 
or other better plants. With us it is ufed only among 
Other annuals in the flower-garden, and was thus culti¬ 
vated by Gerard in 1596. He lays, it is named in Englifh, 
garden or tame lupine; and of fotne, after the German 
name, figbeane. Ray, who has defended this plant very 
well, remarks that the leaves, which are not unaptly 
named digitate by Jungius, have the lides contracted at 
night, and hang down, being bent back to the petiole. 
This was a phenomenon before the time of Linnteus very 
little attended to. He alio ohferved the cultivation of 
the lupine in Tufcany, not only for food, but for im¬ 
proving the land by ploughing it in; a practice continued 
from the time of the ancient Romans, as may be feen by 
confulting Pliny and Columella. 
3. Lupinus varius, or fmall blue lupine: calyxes half- 
whorled, appendicled, upper lip bifid, lower (lightly three¬ 
toothed. This is an annual plant, with a firm ttraight 
channelled ftalk, near three feet high, divided towards the 
top into feveral branches. Leaves digitate, compofed of 
five, fix, or feven, oblong or linear leaflets, which join 
at their bafe, and are hairy. The flowers are produced 
in fpikes at the end of the branches, ftanding round the 
ltalk in half-whorls ; they are of a light-blue colour. 
Legumes ovate, thick, flatted a little, villofe, fwelling 
where the feeds are, in a manner four-celled ; partitions 
cellular-membranaceous, becoming obfolete, or wearing 
out when ripe. Seeds folitary, (two, or feldom more, in 
all,) large, irregularly round, beaked above the navel by 
a lhort knob, flattifli on both fides, marked in the middle 
with a broad ferruginous fpot; from which circumftance, 
we prefume, and not from the corolla, Linnaeus derived 
the trivial name. Linnaeus, indeed, fays the corolla is 
red; John Bauhin that it is purple; Rivinius that it is 
blue or red ; with 11s it is blue. Native of the fouth of 
France, Spain, Italy, and Sicily. It flowers in July, and 
was cultivated by Gerard in 1596. 
4.. Lupinus hirfutus, or great blue lupine : calyxes al¬ 
ternate, appendicled, upper lip two-parted, lower three- 
toothed. This is an annual plant, which rifes with a ftrong 
firm channelled ftalk from three to four feet high, covered 
with a foft brownilh down, dividing upward into feveral 
ftrong branches, garnifhed with digitate leaves, compofed 
of nine, ten, or eleven, wedge-fhaped hairy leaflets, which 
are narrow at their bafe where they join the foot-ftalk, 
but enlarge upward, and are rounded at the top, where 
they are broadeft ; the foot-ftalks of the leaves are three 
or four inches long. The flowers are placed in whorls 
round the ltalks above each other, forming a loofe fpike, 
which proceeds from the end of the branches; they are 
large, and of a beautiful blue colour, but have no lcent. 
They appear in July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The pods are large, almoft an inch broad, and three inches 
long; inclofing three large roundilh feeds, comprefled on 
their fides, very rough, of a purplilh brown colour. In 
its wild ltate this plant has quinate leaves, on long pe¬ 
tioles : the leaflets are fpatulate; the flowers blue; the 
legumes, and the whole plant, clothed with long dole 
ferruginous hairs. The flowers are often lateral. The 
native place of this fpecies is given very differently: by 
Linnaeus, Arabia, the illands of the Archipelago, and 
Spain; Miller fays it is fuppofed to be a native of India; 
Parkinfon reports, that it is thought to come from beyond 
Perfia, in Caramania ; in the Kew Catalogue it is afiigned 
to the fouth of Europe and the Levant. It was cultivated 
here in >629. 
There is a variety with flefli-coloured flowers, com- 
N U S. 
monly called rofe-lupine. It differs only in the colour of 
the flower; but that difference is permanent. 
5. Lupinus pilofus, or rofe-lupine : calyxes in whorls, 
appendicled ; upper lip two-parted, lower entire. This 
has the ftature of the preceding. It is a hairy plant. The 
corollas are a pale flefh-coiour, with the middle of the 
banner red. Leaves lanceolate, bluntifh. Native of the- 
fouth of Europe; and flowers in July and Auguft. 
6. Lupinus anguftifolius, or narrow-leaved blue lupine : 
calyxes alternate, appendicled; upper lip two-parted, lower- 
entire. This has much the appearance of the third fpe¬ 
cies; but the (talks rife higher, being eighteen inches 
high, and as tall as the white or cultivated lupine. Leaf¬ 
lets narrow, commonly nine, blunter at the end than in 
the other forts, fo as to have the appearance of being 
truncate. Native of Spain and Sicily. Ray informs us^ 
that the feeds were fent to him from Cadiz ; it is proba¬ 
ble, therefore, that he cultivated it before 1686. 
7. Lupinus luteus, or yellow lupine : calyxes in whorls, 
appendicled; upper lip two-parted, lower three-toothedv 
Stem from ? a foot to eighteen inches high, branching. 
Leaves digitate, compofed of feven, eight, or nine, narrow 
hairy leaflets, near two inches long; petioles three inches 
long. Flowers yellow, odorous, in loofe fpikes at the end 
of the branches, compofed of fix or feven whorls, with 
fpaces between them, and about five flowers in each, ter¬ 
minated by three or four flowers, fitting clofe at the top; 
thefe are fucceeded by ovate flattifli hairy pods, about two 
inches long, ftanding ered, and inclofing three, four, or 
five, roundifli feeds, a little comprefled, yellowifti white 
variegated with dark fpots. Native of Sicily and Silefia - 
flowering in June and July. Cultivated by Gerard in 1596! 
8. Lupinus Cochinchinenfis, or fingle-leaved lupine: 
calyxes appendicled, in fpikes; upper lip bifid, lower 
three-toothed ; leaves Ample, oval. Stem herbaceous 
annual, roundilh, upright, ftriated, two feet high, with 
afeending branches. Leaves emarginate, fmooth, whitifh, 
alternate; flowers yellow. Native of Cochinchina and* 
Bengal. 
9. Lupinus Africanus, or African lupine: calyxes ap¬ 
pendicled, five-cleft; peduncles many-flowered, termi¬ 
nating; leaves ternate, lanceolate ; ftem fhrubby, diffufed 
three feet high, with diffufed branches; leaves fmooth, on 
alternate petioles ; flowers yellow. Native of the eaftern 
coaft of Africa. 
10. Lupinus trifoliatus, or three-leaved lupine : calyxes 
five-toothed; legumes in fpikes, upright; leaves ternate, 
ovate ; ftem herbaceous. Stem Ample, a foot high, angu¬ 
lar, fomewhat rugged at the angles. Leaves alternate, cre- 
nate-toothed, glaucous beneath, fomewhat rugged at the 
nerves, two oppofite fubfeffile, the third petioled ; the 
petiole an inch and a half long, blunt beneath, channelled 
above, running down the ftem, which it marks with 
grooves. Flowers blue, in fhort axillary fpikes. Native of 
Mexico; cultivated in the royal garden at Madrid before 
1791 ; flowers there in July. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are cultivated for 
ornament in the borders of the flower-garden, and are 
fown in patches with other annuals in the fpring, where 
they are to remain 5 thinning them where they are too 
dole, and keeping them clean from weeds. To have a 
fucceflion of flowers, the feeds may be fown at different 
times, viz. in April, May, and June; but the feeds of 
thofe only wdiich are firft fown will ripen. The firft fort 
only is perennial. This, however, is propagated by feeds 
as the former, which fhould be fown where the plants are 
to remain; for, although the root is perennial, yet it 
runs fo deep into the ground, that it cannot be taken up 
entire; and, if the root is cut or broken, the plant feldom 
thrives well afterwards. Some of the roots of this plant have 
been three feet deep in the ground in one year from feed 
and fpread out as far on every fide, fo that they mult 
have room'5 therefore the young plants fhould not be left 
nearer than three feet afunder. If this plant is in a light 
dry foil, the roots will continue feveral years,, and pro¬ 
duce 
